Table 6.
Prevalence of HIV infection among HIV exposed children according to socio-demographic characteristics (mothers and children), Rwanda PMTCT programme, 2009
| Characteristics | HIV-positive children | HIV-negative children | Univariate analysis (p) | Multivariate analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | ||||
| Mothers characteristics | |||||
| Mother's age (years), % n = (1337) | 0.01* | ||||
| 15-24 (reference) | 6.8 | 93.2 | 1 | ||
| 25-29 | 4.8 | 95.2 | 0.7 | 0.3-1.8 | |
| 30-34 | 4.7 | 95.3 | 0.6 | 0.2-1.5 | |
| 35-39 | 1.5 | 98.5 | 0.2 | 0.1-0.8 | |
| 40-49 | 3.1 | 96.9 | 0.4 | 0.1-1.4 | |
| Marital status,% n = (1336) | 0.76 | ||||
| Single/never married (reference) | 6.1 | 93.9 | 1 | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 3.4 | 96.6 | 0.7 | 0.3-2.1 | |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 4.3 | 95.7 | 1.3 | 0.4-4.2 | |
| Literacy,% n = 1338) | 0.77 | ||||
| can't or have difficult reading and/or writing (reference) | 3.7 | 96.3 | 1 | ||
| can read but can't or have difficult writing | 4.6 | 95.4 | 1.2 | 0.4-4.6 | |
| can read and write easily | 4.1 | 95.9 | 0.9 | 0.5-1.8 | |
| Decision-making power in health and nutrition issues index#, mean (SE) (n = 1336) | 89.4(2.8) | 90.2 (0.5) | 0.78 | 1.0 | 0.98-1.02 |
| Decision-making power in short- and long-term investment strategies index#, mean (SE) (n = 1336) | 82.1(3.8) | 84.3(07) | 0.54 | 0.9 | 0.98-1.01 |
| Membership to a PLHIVassociation, % (n = 1323) | 0.13 | ||||
| Yes | 3.3 | 96.7 | 0.6 | 0.3-1.1 | |
| No (reference) | 4.9 | 95.1 | 1 | ||
| Household characteristics | |||||
| Household size, mean (SE) (n = 1311) | 5.0(0.36) | 5.1(0.05) | 0.57 | 1.0 | 0.8-1.1 |
| Housing index@, mean (SE) (n = 1313) | 1.5(0.12) | 1.4(0.02) | 0.14 | 1.4 | 0.9-2.0 |
| Household assets index$, mean (SE) (n = 1329) | 1.0(0.13) | 0.9(0.03) | 0.71 | 1.2 | 0.9-1.6 |
| Access to clean water, % (n = 1323) | 0.40 | ||||
| Yes | 4.2 | 95.8 | 1.6 | 0.6-4.2 | |
| No (reference) | 3.0 | 97.0 | 1 | ||
| Location, % (n = 1340) | 0.19 | ||||
| Rural | 4.3 | 95.7 | 1 | ||
| Urban | 2.55 | 97.45 | 0.3 | 0.2-1.05 | |
| Children characteristics | |||||
| Child's sex (n = 1338) | 0.89 | ||||
| Female (reference) | 4.0 | 96.0 | 1 | ||
| Male | 3.9 | 96.1 | 0.8 | 0.5-1.7 | |
| Child's age (months),% (n = 1340) | 0.23 | ||||
| < = 12 | 3.8 | 96.2 | 1 | ||
| 13-17 | 2.8 | 97.2 | 0.6 | 0.3-1.4 | |
| > 18 | 5.1 | 94.9 | 1.2 | 0.6-2.5 | |
* Significant p < 0.05
# Decision-making power about health and nutrition index is defined as a composite index created to measure the extent to which the respondent is involved in making household decisions related to health and nutrition issues. Scores ranged from 0 to 100 and a higher score indicates greater decision-making power. Decision-making power about short- and long-term investment strategies index is defined as a composite index created to measure the extent to which the respondent is involved in making household decisions related to short and long-term investment issues.
@Housing material index is defined as a composite index indicating whether roof, walls, and floors of the respondent's house are built in durable materials. The index ranged from 0 to 3: 0 means that none of the housing materials are durable while 3 means that materials for roof, walls and floors are durable.
$ Household asset index is defined as a composite index indicating the number of valuable equipments owned (refrigerators, mobile telephone, radio, TV, car, etc.).