Table 1.
Characteristic | Total (n=85) | 60 days | Outcomes | p Value |
Survivors (n=54) | Non-survivors (n=31) | |||
Age (years)* | 75±10 | 75±11 | 76±10 | 0.60 |
Sex (male/female) | 51/34 | 30/24 | 21/10 | 0.38 |
Cigarette smoking | 33 | 17 | 16 | 0.11 |
Presence of emphysema | 32 | 18 | 14 | 0.39 |
Liver cirrhosis (%) | 6 (7.1) | 4 (7.4) | 2 (6.5) | >0.99 |
Direct/indirect injury | 59/26 | 38/16 | 21/10 | 0.81 |
PaO2:FiO2 | 96.2±45.6 | 96.5±45.0 | 96.2±47.5 | 0.90 |
Causes of lung injury | ||||
Pneumonia (%) | 32 (37.6) | 20 | 12 | >0.99 |
Sepsis (%) | 24 (28.2) | 13 | 11 | 0.38 |
Pulmonary (%) | 11 (12.9) | 5 | 6 | 0.20 |
Extrapulmonary (%) | 13 (15.2) | 8 | 5 | >0.99 |
Aspiration (%) | 22 (25.9) | 16 | 6 | 0.44 |
Others (%) | 7 (8.2) | 5 | 2 | >0.99 |
Lung injury score* | 3.2±0.5 | 3.3±0.5 | 3.3±0.5 | 0.88 |
APACHE II score | 21.0±4.7 | 21.0±4.6 | 22.0±4.9 | 0.76 |
SOFA score | 7.0±2.8 | 7.0±2.8 | 6.0±2.9 | 0.15 |
McCabe score (1/2/3) | 78/5/2 | 49/4/1 | 29/1/1 | >0.99 |
DIC score*† | 2.4±1.7 | 2.4±1.7 | 2.5±1.6 | 0.68 |
White blood cell count (per mm3) | 10 600±6788 | 10 600±6178 | 10 600±7839 | 0.63 |
C reactive protein (mg/dl) | 15.4±10.3 | 15.4±9.6 | 16.1±11.5 | 0.69 |
Albumin (g/dl) | 3.0±0.5 | 3.1±0.5 | 2.8±0.5 | 0.11 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (IU/l) | 308±185 | 301±147 | 339±235 | 0.29 |
Platelet count (per mm3) | 20.1±10.7 | 20.7±11.0 | 18.9±10.3 | 0.94 |
Days of CT scanning from ARDS onset (day) | 1.0±0.0 | 1.0±0.0 | 1.0±0.0 | >0.99 |
HRCT score† | 207±53 | 196±54 | 233±46 | 0.001 |
Initial steroid therapy | ||||
High dose | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0.36 |
Low dose | 71 | 47 | 24 | 0.36 |
Ventilatory variables | ||||
Tidal volume, ml/kg predicted body weight | 8.0±0.8 | 8.0±0.7 | 8.0±0.9 | 0.54 |
Plateau pressure, cmH2O | 21.5±4.2 | 21.0±3.8 | 23.0±4.7 | 0.34 |
Initial PEEP, cmH2O | 8.0±3.4 | 8.0±2.5 | 8.0±4.3 | 0.18 |
Data are expressed as median ± SD.
Data are mean ± SD. The p values refer to comparisons between survivors and non-survivors.
Score ≥4 defined as disseminated intravascular coagulation from scoring system for The Japanese Association for Acute Medicine.
APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; HRCT, high-resolution CT; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.