Table A2. Miscarriage or premature birth among pregnant women with smallpox by clinical types of variola major, according to data from 19th- and early 20th-century outbreaks.
| Reference | Hemorrhagic |
Confluent |
Discrete |
VSE |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L/C | PL (95% CI) | L/C | PL (95% CI) | L/C | PL (95% CI) | L/C | PL (95% CI) | |
| Meyer (1), 1868–1872 | 13/13 | 100.0 (NC) | 14/26 | 53.8 (34.7–73.0) | – | – | 4/37 | 10.8 (0.8–20.8) |
| Sangregorio (2), 1887 | 3/3 | 100.0 (NC) | 17/22 | 77.3 (59.8–94.8) | 10/40 | 25.0 (11.6–38.4) | 1/7 | 14.3 (0.0–40.2) |
| Charpentier (4), 1898 | 13/13 | 100.0 (NC) | 18/34 | 52.9 (36.2–69.7) | 9/45 | 20.0 (8.3–31.7) | – | – |
| Queirel (5), 1906 | 8/8 | 100.0 (NC) | 3/3 | 100.0 (NC) | 0/8 | 0.0 (NC) | – | – |
*Hemorrhagic, widespread hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes; confluent, confluent rash on the face and arms; discrete, areas of normal skin visible between pustules, even on the face; VSE, variola sine eruptione, fever without rash caused by variola virus, also known as varioloid (8,9); L/C, miscarriage or premature birth/cases; PL, proportion of miscarriage or premature birth; CI, confidence interval; NC, not calculable.