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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: IUBMB Life. 2009 Feb;61(2):99–111. doi: 10.1002/iub.146

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

The expansion of the standard code according to the coevolution theory. Phase 1 amino acids are orange, and phase 2 amino acids are green. The numbers show the order of amino acid appearance in the code according to (99). The arrows define 13 precursor-product pairs of amino acids, their color defines the biosynthetic families of Glu (blue), Asp (dark-green), Phe (magenta), Ser (red), and Val (light-green)