Table 1.
Cost of Integrated Prevention Campaign (IPC) versus Estimated Scale-Up Replication, per 1,000 individuals (USD)
| IPC | Replication | Reason(s) for difference (in order of magnitude) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Planning | $735 | 1.8% | $96 | 0.3% | Replication and scale efficiency; increased reliance on Kenyan staffing/wages. Explanation: The IPC planning required developing a new campaign, a time-consuming process done by a foreign consultant. In the SUR: 1) Planning activities adapt the initial campaign plan, and then work from one planning template for numerous settings. 2) Staff are Kenyan (81% lower salary), and no foreign travel. The lower cost was confirmed in a subsequent IPC. |
| Social Mobilization | 2,141 | 5.1% | 828 | 2.6% | Scale efficiency; no launch event/concert; Kenyan staffing Explanation: Three efficiencies for SUR: 1) The media strategy covers a large area, lowering production and broadcast costs per covered campaign zone. 2) The launch gathering/music event is omitted. 3) Staff are Kenyan, with 81% lower salary. The lower cost was confirmed in subsequent IPC and in a formal bid for a provincial social mobilization. |
| Set-up | 2,860 | 6.9% | 975 | 3.0% | Kenyan staffing; scale & training efficiencies Explanation: In IPC: foreigners and a one-time training. In SUR: 1) Staff are Kenyan, with 81% lower salary. 2) Training costs are spread over more campaign participants. 3) Detailed micro-planning is adapted from the IPC. |
| Management | 2,428 | 5.8% | 793 | 2.5% | Kenyan staffing; reduced due to routinization & experienced staff Explanation: In IPC: six months' senior manager involvement for a new campaign design, largely foreign. In SUR: 1) Staff are Kenyan, with 81% lower salary. 2) Manager role more time-limited, with routine practices in place. 3) Costs are spread over more campaign participants. |
| Implementation | 33,494 | 80.4% | 27,772 | 86.8% | |
| Commodities | 22,776 | 21,373 | Small scale efficiency. Explanation: The manufacturer will cover shipping for filters and nets. |
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| Personnel | 8,975 | 5,401 | Kenyan managers reduced due to experienced staff; scale efficiency; Kenyan wages; support staff reductions. Explanation: In the initial campaign managers were mainly foreign, and often idle after the first days. Efficiencies in SUR reflect: 1) Fewer managers on-site (1 per site) and off-site, confirmed by field experience in the original and subsequent IPC. 2) Kenyan compensation is 81% below foreign 3) Some non-clinical support staffing is reduced, eg security. 4) Increase from 20 to 25 HIV counselors per site allows more clients per site and thus 20% lower per-client fixed costs. The cost per client of direct service personnel (e.g., HIV counselors) is the same in the IPC and SUR. |
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| Services | 968 | 821 | Modest scale efficiency. Explanation: Lower domestic transport costs. |
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| Contingency | 0 | 0.0% | 1,520 | 4.8% | Added for replication. |
| Total | 41,657 | 100% | 31,985 | 100% | |