Table 3.
Echocardiographic Predictors of Incident Heart Failure
| Univariate* | Multivariate* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Main cohort (N=3752) | ||||
|
| ||||
| LV ejection fraction | ||||
| Borderline (0.45 to 0.54) | 1.20 (0.76–1.89) | 0.43 | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | 0.50 |
| Abnormal (<0.45) | 3.48 (2.35–5.15) | <0.001 | 2.91 (1.96–4.33) | <0.001 |
| E/A ratio | ||||
| <0.7 | 1.61 (1.24–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.19–2.03) | 0.001 |
| >1.5 | 3.23 (2.25–4.63) | <0.001 | 2.70 (1.87–3.09) | <0.001 |
| Enlarged LA (>23 mm/m2) | 1.60 (1.27–2.03) | <0.001 | 1.50 (1.18–1.91) | 0.001 |
| Wall motion abnormalities (yes, no) | 1.54 (1.13–2.11) | 0.007 | - | - |
|
| ||||
| Quantitative LV subset (N=2538) | ||||
|
| ||||
| LV ejection fraction | ||||
| Borderline (0.45 to 0.54) | 1.47 (0.84–2.57) | 0.17 | - | - |
| Abnormal (<0.45) | 3.78 (2.22–6.46) | <0.001 | - | - |
| LV fractional shortening, per 5% decrease | 1.23 (1.13–1.34) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.07–1.27) | 0.001 |
| E/A ratio | ||||
| <0.7 | 1.98 (1.42–2.77) | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.22–2.42) | 0.002 |
| >1.5 | 3.27 (2.08–5.14) | <0.001 | 2.92 (1.84–4.63) | <0.001 |
| Enlarged LA (>23 mm/m2) | 1.55 (1.15–2.08) | 0.004 | 1.42 (1.04–1.93) | 0.028 |
| LV end-diastolic diameter, per cm/m2 | 1.69 (1.18–2.43) | 0.005 | - | - |
| LV end-systolic diameter, per cm/m2 | 2.40 (1.71–3.36) | <0.001 | - | - |
| LV mass index, per 10 g/m2 | 1.16 (1.10–1.21) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) | <0.001 |
*
Adjusted for Health ABC HF Risk Score; LV=left ventricular; LA=left atrium