Table 2.

Prevalence (%) of concurrent alcohol and sedative use by categories of demographic, clinical and opioid-related variables—stratified by history of substance use disorder (SUD).

Variables	Concurrent Alcohol Use (%)		Concurrent Sedative Use (%)
	No SUD	SUD	No SUD	SUD
Overall	12.0	13.2	28.7	38.9
Age
21-44	14.3	17.6	35.0	50.3*
45-64	11.3	13.2	28.8	40.2
65+	12.1	9.4	24.3	24.6*
Sex
Female	9.3*	5.9***	32.4**	48.4**
Male	17.8	20.3	20.8	29.6
Depression
No	16.1*	12.8	20.8**	26.4**
Yes	8.8	13.4	34.9	44.3
Average daily opioid dose
1- < 20 mg. MED	15.4	10.6	20.9**	17.3**
20- < 50 mg. MED	12.4	15.4	26.5	41.1
50- < 120 mg. MED	10.2	14.7	36.0	40.8
120+ mg. MED	5.5	10.3	41.6	47.9
# of pain conditions for which opioids are taken
One	11.1	14.9	21.7**	33.5
Two or more	12.5	12.4	33.0	41.5
Average pain intensity in last 3 months (0-10)
0-4	10.5	22.8*	25.5	33.4
5-6	12.2	13.0	28.1	40.9
7+	11.5	7.6	31.8	40.6

Abbreviations: MED, morphine equivalent dose NOTE: Significance tests compare categories of variables within a column, not across columns.

^*Significant at P = .05

^**Significant at P = .01

^***Significant at P < .0001