Table 2.
Prevalence of Malaria and the Intensity of Transmission across the Four Field Sites
| Individual Study Sites: | Dioro | Kenieroba | Thies | Gambissara |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country: | MALI | MALI | SENEGAL | GAMBIA |
| Location (GIS coordinates and description) | 13.45 N, −6.27 W 385 km from Bamako |
12.11 N, −8.33 W 73 km from Bamako |
14.81 N, −16.92 W 72 km from Dakar |
13.32 N, − 14.22 W 500 km from Banjul |
| Population (size of the relevant community) | 13,605 in 8 study villages | 6,000 total | 400,000 catchment population | 182,586 catchment population |
| Ecological environment | Sahel (rural) Niger River flood plain, inland delta |
South-Savanna (rural) Niger River, microhabitats, scattered breeding sites |
Urban Coastal rainfall scattered breeding sites |
Savanna (rural) Gambia River many breeding sites |
| Transmission (endemicity, seasonal vs. year-round) | Virtually year-round Hyperendemic June–July to May | Seasonal Hyperendemic July–November | Seasonal Hypoendemic Sept–December | Seasonal, Hypoendemic August to November |
| Peak Rainy season EIR (/person/mo) | 4.8 per month | 1.74 [0.93–2.79] | 1.0 per month | 0.93 per month |
| Dry season EIRs (/person/mo) | Not available | 0.01 [0.00–0.08] | Not available | Not available |
| Peak Biting rates (mean/person/night) | 200–300 per night | 58.7 [54.5–63.2] | < 3.0 per night | 0.5 per night |
| Relevant anopheline vector(s), non-gambiae vectors, … | An. gambiae min An. funestus | An. gambiae min An. funestus | An. gambiae EIR < 5 per year | An. gambiae An. arabiensis |
| Rainy Season Prevalence | 84% for 2–9 year olds | 41%–62% all ages | 10.6% all ages | 2.7% all ages |
| Dry Season Prevalence ethnicity of the population) | Not available Bambara |
17%–22% all ages Malinke |
Not available Woloff, Sereres mostly, also Toucouleur |
Not available Saharahule, Fula, Mandinka |
| Current intervention strategies: (bed net usage) | ACTs for treatment, SP IPT in pregnancy, Bed nets (ITNs, high) | ACTs for treatment, SP IPT in pregnancy, Bed nets (ITNs, moderate) | ACTs for treatment, SP IPT in pregnancy, Bed nets (ITNs) | ACTs for treatment, SP IPT pregnancy, Bed nets (ITN, high) |
| Economic activity and occupational status, | Irrigation for growing rice, | Subsistence agriculture: non-irrigated land, farming, fishing | Urban occupations | Subsistence farming: rice, other crops |
| Ages most affected by malaria | Children ≤ 5 years Morbidity 74% in ≤ 5 years 54% in general population |
Children ≤ 5 years | Ages 4–20 years | Historically ≤ 5 years, now 11–15 years |