Confirmation that siRNAs inhibit expression at the protein level. The human proteins evaluated for expression are given on the left, followed by the gene names in parentheses. HeLa cells were transfected with siRNA pools (P) or with individual siRNAs directed against the indicated human gene. As controls, cells either were mock transfected in the absence of siRNA (−) or were transfected with nontargeting control 1 siRNA (C). Approximately 48 h after transfection, cells were solubilized in RIPA buffer. The indicated target protein was detected by Western blotting as described in Materials and Methods. In order to confirm equivalent loading, membranes were then stripped and were probed a second time, with anti-tubulin antibodies.