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Seasonal pneumonia and influenza (P&I) excess death rates, all ages, 1950–51 to 1970–71. Crude death rates (blue bars), death rates adjusted for summer trends in mortality unrelated to influenza (pink bars) and adjusted for demographics (green bars). A) Canada. B) England and Wales. C) USA. Note that for England, comparisons used the second A/H3N2 pandemic wave of major impact (18).
