Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the pvl gene status of the infecting pathogen among patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia
| Parameter | Value by PVL statusa |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MRSA |
MSSA |
|||||||
| Total (n = 173) | pvl negative (n = 155) | pvl positive (n = 18) | P value | Total (n = 114) | pvl negative (n = 109) | pvl positive (n = 5) | P value | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Mean age (SD) (yr)b | 66.3 (15.91) | 66.7 (15.40) | 63.1 (20.04) | 0.364 | 56.4 (19.79) | 56.4 (20.21) | 56.4 (6.43) | 0.996 |
| Male sexc | 93 (53.8) | 80 (51.65) | 13 (72.2) | 0.134 | 66 (57.9) | 63 (57.8) | 3 (60.0) | 1.000 |
| Region of enrollmentc | ||||||||
| Europe | 48 (27.7) | 45 (29.0) | 3 (16.7) | 0.005 | 50 (43.9) | 49 (45.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0.519 |
| North America | 46 (26.6) | 35 (22.6) | 11 (61.1) | 27 (23.7) | 25 (22.9) | 2 (40.0) | ||
| Otherd | 79 (45.7) | 75 (48.4) | 4 (22.2) | 37 (32.5) | 35 (32.1) | 2 (40.0) | ||
| Prior antimicrobial therapyc | 127 (73.4) | 116 (74.8) | 11 (61.1) | 0.259 | 46 (40.4) | 42 (38.5) | 4 (80.0) | 0.156 |
| MRSA risk factorsc | ||||||||
| Hospitalization within previous 6 months | 109 (63.0) | 100 (64.5) | 9 (50.0) | 0.302 | 41 (36.0) | 40 (36.7) | 1 (20.0) | 0.653 |
| Antibiotic treatment within prior 3 months | 118 (68.2) | 108 (69.7) | 10 (55.6) | 0.285 | 37 (32.5) | 36 (33.0) | 1 (20.0) | 1.000 |
| Chronic illness | 144 (83.2) | 130 (83.9) | 14 (77.8) | 0.509 | 67 (58.8) | 63 (57.8) | 4 (80.0) | 0.647 |
| Prior infection with MRSA | 19 (11.0) | 17 (11.0) | 2 (11.1) | 1.000 | 2 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Admission from a nursing home or long term care facility | 34 (19.7) | 30 (19.4) | 4 (22.2) | 0.757 | 10 (8.8) | 10 (9.2) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Surgical procedure during current hospital stay | 46 (26.6) | 42 (27.1) | 4 (22.2) | 0.784 | 45 (39.5) | 44 (40.4) | 1 (20.0) | 0.647 |
| Residing in an area known to have a high prevalence of community-acquired MRSA | 37 (21.4) | 30 (19.4) | 7 (38.9) | 0.070 | 14 (12.3) | 14 (12.8) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Smoking statusc | ||||||||
| Current smoker | 33 (19.3) | 29 (19.0) | 4 (22.2) | 0.412 | 33 (29.2) | 30 (27.8) | 3 (60.0) | 0.377 |
| Ex-smoker | 66 (38.6) | 57 (37.3) | 9 (50.0) | 19 (16.8) | 19 (17.6) | 0 | ||
| Nonsmoker | 72 (42.1) | 67 (43.8) | 5 (27.8) | 61 (54.0) | 59 (54.6) | 2 (40.0) | ||
| Data missing | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| On hemodialysisc | 6 (3.5) | 6 (3.9) | 0 | 1.000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Currently in acute renal failurec | 16 (9.2) | 15 (9.7) | 1 (5.6) | 1.000 | 6 (5.3) | 6 (5.5) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Patient operative statusc | ||||||||
| Nonoperative | 132 (76.3) | 118 (76.1) | 14 (77.8) | 0.372 | 70 (61.4) | 66 (60.6) | 4 (80.0) | 1.000 |
| Emergency postoperative | 27 (15.6) | 23 (14.8) | 4 (22.2) | 29 (25.4) | 28 (25.7) | 1 (20.0) | ||
| Elective postoperative | 14 (8.1) | 14 (9.0) | 0 | 15 (13.2) | 15 (13.8) | 0 | ||
| With history of severe organ system insufficiency/immunocompromisedc | 10 (5.8) | 9 (5.8) | 1 (5.6) | 1.000 | 4 (3.5) | 4 (3.7) | 0 | 1.000 |
| Diabetes and cardiac comorbidityc | 118 (68.2) | 104 (67.1) | 14 (77.8) | 0.432 | 58 (50.9) | 55 (50.5) | 3 (60.0) | 1.000 |
| Respiratory insufficiency/failurec | 105 (60.7) | 93 (60.0) | 12 (66.7) | 0.799 | 76 (66.7) | 72 (66.1) | 4 (80.0) | 0.663 |
| On a ventilator at the time of randomizationc | 76 (43.9) | 71 (45.8) | 5 (27.8) | 0.210 | 49 (43.0) | 49 (45.0) | 0 | 0.069 |
| Baseline bacteremia with S. aureusc | 13 (7.5) | 10 (6.5) | 3 (16.7) | 0.139 | 8 (7.0) | 8 (7.3) | 0 | 1.000 |
| In ICUe at baselinec | 85 (49.1) | 77 (49.7) | 8 (44.4) | 0.805 | 61 (53.5) | 60 (55.0) | 1 (20.0) | 0.182 |
| Mean body mass index (SD) (kg/m2)b | 25.9 (6.72) | 25.9 (6.92) | 25.6 (4.73) | 0.819 | 26.8 (6.26) | 26.9 (6.23) | 24.8 (7.29) | 0.467 |
| Mean total APACHE II score (SD)b | 15.5 (5.99) | 15.6 (5.95) | 14.5 (6.44) | 0.449 | 13.4 (5.85) | 13.4 (5.82) | 12.4 (7.09) | 0.697 |
a
Excluding the P value columns, values shown are numbers (percentages) of patients unless otherwise indicated.
b
Assessed by two-sample t test.
c
Assessed by Fisher's exact test (for 2-by-2 tables) or the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test (for tables larger than 2 by 2).
d
“Other” includes Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Israel, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand.
e
ICU, intensive care unit.