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Disaccharide repeat units of kappa-, iota- and lambda-carrageenan. The 3-linked β-d-galactopyranosyl residue on the left of all three structures and 4-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl residue on the right in lambda-carrageenan are in 4C1 conformation, respectively. The 4-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl residue on the right in kappa- and iota-carrageenan takes a 1C4 conformation.
