Table 5.
Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated With Cost for Women Undergoing Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy for Endometrial Cancer
| Factor | All Patients |
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy |
Robotic Hysterectomy |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost ($) | 95% CI | Cost ($) | 95% CI | Cost ($) | 95% CI | |
| Surgery | ||||||
| Laparoscopic | Referent | — | — | |||
| Robotic | 1,291* | 985 to 1,597 | — | — | ||
| Age at surgery, years | ||||||
| < 60 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| ≥ 60 | 290 | −67 to 648 | 361 | −137 to 856 | 109 | −355 to 573 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Black | 676* | 41 to 1,311 | −33 | −822 to 756 | 1,055* | 132 to 1,977 |
| Other | 1,469* | 1,078 to 1,859 | 547* | 6 to 1,088 | 2,167* | 1,642 to 2,691 |
| Year of diagnosis | ||||||
| 2008 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 2009 | −806* | −1,256 to −356 | −438 | −995 to 119 | −886* | −1,565 to −206 |
| 2010 | −1,043* | −1,554 to −532 | −711* | −1,390 to −32 | −1,179* | −1,867 to −491 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Single | 545* | 177 to 913 | 98 | −407 to 602 | 866* | 378 to 1,354 |
| Insurance status | ||||||
| Commercial | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Medicare | 217 | −163 to 597 | 155 | −368 to 677 | 186 | −308 to 680 |
| Medicaid | 929* | 129 to 1,729 | 1,680* | 653 to 2,707 | −80 | −1,201 to 1,040 |
| Self-pay | 4 | −871 to 880 | 303 | −737 to 1,343 | −302 | −1,600 to 996 |
| Unknown | 1,266* | 405 to 2,127 | 327 | −1,020 to 1,673 | 807 | −281 to 1,896 |
| Hospital location | ||||||
| Urban | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Rural | −587 | −1,342 to 166 | −456 | −1,374 to 462 | −412 | −1,564 to 741 |
| Hospital type | ||||||
| Teaching | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Nonteaching | −1,908* | −2,280 to −1,537 | −1,069* | −1,607 to −531 | −1,904* | −2,411 to −1,397 |
| Hospital size, No. of beds | ||||||
| < 400 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 400-600 | −7 | −434 to 448 | −237 | −836 to 363 | −42 | −705 to 621 |
| > 600 | −417 | −886 to 53 | 213 | −426 to 852 | −774* | −1,463 to 85 |
| Hospital region | ||||||
| Northeast | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Midwest | −138 | −598 to 321 | 303 | −262 to 867 | −937* | −1,626 to −247 |
| South | 232 | −205 to 670 | −486 | −1,039 to 68 | 171 | −483 to 825 |
| West | 893* | 358 to 1,429 | 227 | −507 to 960 | 856* | 97 to 1,616 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||||||
| 1 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 2 | 92 | −234 to 419 | 484* | 34 to 933 | −2 | −426 to 422 |
| ≥ 3 | 1,102* | 668 to 1,536 | 825* | 244 to 1,406 | 1,058 | 477 to 1,639 |
| Lymphadenectomy | ||||||
| No | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Yes | 1,171* | 841 to 1,500 | 1,414* | 986 to 1,842 | 631* | 181 to 1,082 |
| Surgeon volume | ||||||
| Low | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Intermediate | 165 | −234 to 564 | −410 | −1,017 to 197 | 240 | −301 to 781 |
| High | −1,336* | −1,776 to −897 | −1,168* | −1,871 to −465 | −1,441* | −2,043 to −840 |
| Hospital volume | ||||||
| Low | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| Intermediate | −416* | −815 to −16 | 690* | 31 to 1,348 | −1,013* | −1,562 to −464 |
| High | 280 | −200 to −762 | 547 | −227 to 1,321 | 365 | −335 to 1,065 |
*
P < .05.