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. 2011 Nov 30;21(5):742–756. doi: 10.1089/scd.2011.0419

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Human inferior turbinates exclusively consist of respiratory mucosa without patches of olfactory mucosa (A) To localize ITSCs, human turbinates were obtained from the inferior turbinate of the nasal cavity. (B) HE staining of human turbinate showing the wide epithelial layer with ciliated surface. E: epithelium, LP: lamina propria. Scale bar: 100μm. (C) Richardson blue staining of human turbinate indicating goblets cells (arrows) within the epithelium. Scale bar: 50μm. (D) Schematic illustration of the morphological difference between respiratory and olfactory epithelium. RE: respiratory epithelium. OE: olfactory epithelium. BM: basement membrane. (E) Saggital sections of the human inferior turbinate. Sections were immunostained against nestin and β-III-tubulin, demonstrating that putative stem cells can be found within the LP. Binding of primary antibodies was visualised by appropriate secondary flurorochrome-coupled antibodies (red). Nuclei were stained with SYTOX Green. Scale bar: 20μm. (F) Double staining against p75/αSMA and S100/αSMA showed no co-expression of p75 (red) or S100 (red) with αSMA (green). Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Arrows demonstrating expression of p75 or S100 independent of αSMA. ITSCs, inferior turbinate stem cells; HE, hematoxylin-eosin; αSMA, smooth muscle actin.