Table 1.

Clinical manifestations of acromegaly.

Mass effects of the tumor

Headache

Visual field defects

Hyperprolactinemia

Pituitary stalk section

Hypopituitarism

Hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hypocortisolism

Systemic effects of GH/IGF-I excess

Visceromegaly

Soft tissue and skin changes

Thickening of acral parts

Increased skin thickness and soft tissue hypertrophy

Hyperhidrosis/Oily texture

Skin tags and acanthosis nigricans

Cardiovascular features

Hypertrophy (biventricular or asymmetric septal)

Congestive Heart Failure (systolic and/or diastolic)

Coronary disease

Arrhythmias

Hipertensión

Cardiomyopathy

Metabolic features

Impaired glucose tolerance

Diabetes mellitus

Insulin resistance

Respiratory manifestations

Macroglossia

Jaw malocclusion

Upper airway obstruction

Sleep disturbances

Sleep apnea (central and obstructive)

Ventilatory dysfunction

Bone and joint manifestations

Increased articular cartilage thickness

Arthralgias and arthritis

Carpal tunnel síndrome

Osteopenia

Other endocrine consequences

Goiter

Hypercalciuria

Galactorrhea

Decrease libido, impotents

Menstrual abnormalities

Modified from Cordero and Barkan [61].