Table 4. Plasma membrane-localized transporters of nitrogenous substrates relevant to amino acid metabolism.
| Amino acid permease family | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematic name | Gene name | Functional description (substrate specificity) | Regulation | Reference |
| Core - Cluster Ia – SPS sensor regulated | ||||
| YCL025c | AGP1 | Broad substrate range, medium capacity permease (Val, Ile, Phe, Met, Ser, Leu, Thr, Cys, Asn, Tyr, Ala, Gly, Gln)b (Pro) | SPS-sensor, NCR, GAACc | Andréasson et al. (2004); Iraqui et al. (1999); Schreve et al. (1998) |
| YBR068c | BAP2 | Branched-chain amino acid permease (Val, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Leu, Trp, Met, Cys, Ala)b | SPS-sensor, GAACc | Grauslund et al. (1995) |
| YDR046c | BAP3 | Branched-chain amino acid permease (Val, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Leu, Met, Cys, Thr, Ala)b | SPS-sensor | Didion et al. (1998) |
| YDR508c | GNP1 | High-affinity glutamine permease (Thr, Gln, Ser, Cys, Leu, Met, Asn)b (Pro) | SPS-sensor | Andréasson et al. (2004); Zhu et al. (1996) |
| YBR069c | TAT1 | Tyrosine and tryptophan permease (Val, Thr)b (low-affinity His), (Leu) | SPS-sensor | Bajmoczi et al. (1998); Schmidt et al. (1994) |
| YOL020w | TAT2 | High-affinity tryptophan permease (Phe, Tyr, Trp, Gly, Ala)b | SPS-sensor | Schmidt et al. (1994) |
| Core - Cluster II | ||||
| YKR039w | GAP1 | General, high-capacity, amino acid permease (all L-amino acids, D-amino acids, GABA, peptides, polyamines) | NCR, GAACc | André et al. (1993); Jauniaux and Grenson (1990); van Zeebroeck et al. (2009) |
| YGR191w | HIP1 | Histidine permease | Tanaka and Fink (1985) | |
| YLL061w | MMP1 | High-affinity S-methyl methionine permease | Rouillon et al. (1999) | |
| YPL274w | SAM3 | High-affinity S-adenosyl methionine permease; High-affinity putrescine, spermidine, spermine (polyamine) | Rouillon et al. (1999); Uemura et al. (2007) | |
| Core - Cluster III | ||||
| YEL063c | CAN1 | Arginine permease (Arg) | NCR, GAACc | Hoffmann (1985) |
| YNL270c | ALP1 | Arginine permease (Arg)b | Sychrova and Chevallier (1994) | |
| YNL268w | LYP1 | Lysine permease (Lys, Met)b | GAACc | Sychrova and Chevallier (1993) |
| Core - Unclustered | ||||
| YOR348c | PUT4 | High-affinity proline permease (Val, Ala, Pro)b (GABA) | NCR | André et al. (1993); Jauniaux et al. (1987) |
| YPL265w | DIP5 | Dicarboxylic amino acid permease (Ser, Ala, Asn. Asp, Gln, Gly, Gln)b | NCR | Regenberg et al. (1998) |
| YDR160w | SSY1 | Receptor component of the SPS sensor | Didion et al. (1998); Iraqui et al. (1999); Klasson et al. (1999) | |
| YBR132c | AGP2 | Carnitine, spermidine, putrescine (polyamine) | Aouida et al. (2005); van Roermund et al. (1999) | |
| YFL055w | AGP3 | Broad-substrate specificity amino acid permease (Asp, Glu, Ser)b (Met) | Menant et al. (2006); Regenberg et al. (1999) | |
| Non-core - MUP Cluster | ||||
| YGR055w | MUP1 | High-affinity methionine permease (Cys) | Isnard et al. (1996); Kosugi et al. (2001) | |
| YHL036w | MUP3 | Low-affinity methionine permease; inhibited by broad-substrate spectrum (Met) | GAACc | Isnard et al. (1996) |
| Non-core - UGA Cluster | ||||
| YDL210w | UGA4 | GABA permease (δ-aminolevulinic acid, putrescine) vacuole localization | NCR | André et al. (1993); Uemura et al. (2004) |
| YKL174c | TPO5 | Polyamine secretion, Golgi localization | Tachihara et al. (2005) | |
| YGL077c | HNM1 | Choline permease (ethanolamine) | INO regulon | Nikawa et al. (1986) |
| YNR056c | BIO5 | Biotin permease (7-keto 8-aminopelargonic acid) | Phalip et al. (1999) | |
| Ammonium permease family | ||||
| YGR121C | MEP1 | Medium-affinity, high-capacity ammonium permease | NCR | Marini et al. (1994) |
| YNL142W | MEP2 | High-affinity, low-capacity ammonium permease, ammonium sensor | NCR | Lorenz and Heitman (1998); Marini et al. (1997) |
| YPR138C | MEP3 | Low-affinity, high-capacity ammonium permease | NCR | Marini et al. (1997) |
| Other transporters/permeases | ||||
| DAL5 Cluster | ||||
| YJR152w | DAL5 | Allantonate permease (ureidosuccinate/dipeptide) | NCR | Cai et al. (2007); Rai et al. (1987) |
| YLL055w | YCT1 | Cysteine transporter | Kaur and Bachhawat (2007) | |
| YGR260w | TNA1 | Nicotinic acid transporter | Llorente and Dujon (2000) | |
| YGR065c | VHT1 | Biotin transporter | GAACc | Stolz et al. (1999) |
| YCR028c | FEN2 | Panthothenate transporter | Stolz and Sauer (1999) | |
| YAL067c | SEO1 | Not determined – sulfur compound? | Isnard et al. (1996) | |
| FUR4 Cluster | ||||
| YBR021w | FUR4 | Uracil permease | Jund et al. (1988) | |
| YIR028w | DAL4 | Allantoin permease (uracil) | NCR | Yoo et al. (1992) |
| YBL042c | FUI1 | Uridine permease | Wagner et al. (1998) | |
| YLR237w | THI7 | Thiamine permease | Thi3 | Enjo et al. (1997) |
| YOR192c | THI72 | Thiamine permease | Enjo et al. (1997) | |
| YOR071c | NRT1 | Nicotinamide riboside (high-affinity), thiamine (low-affinity) | Belenky et al. (2008) | |
| FCY2 Cluster | ||||
| YER056c | FCY2 | Nucleobase permease (cytidine, cytosine, purine, adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine) | Weber et al. (1990) | |
| YGL186c | TPN1 | Pyridoxine transporter (vitamin B6) | GAACc | Stolz and Vielreicher 2003) |
| Unclustered | ||||
| YHL016c | DUR3 | High-affinity polyamine (urea) | NCR | El Berry et al. (1993); Uemura et al. (2007) |
| YKR093w | PTR2 | Peptide transporter (di-/tripeptides) | SPS-sensor, Cup9, NCR | Hauser et al. (2001); Island et al. (1991) |
| YJL212c | OPT1 | Oligopeptide transporter (glutathione, phytochelatin) | NCR | Hauser et al. (2001) |
| YPR194c | OPT2 | Homologous to OPT1 (role as transporter uncertain; inactivation leads to fragmented vacuoles) | NCR | Aouida et al. (2009) |
| Transporters involved with excretion of nitrogenous compounds | ||||
| YDR384c | ACO3 | Ammonium transport outward | SPS-sensor, GAAC | Guaragnella and Butow (2003); Palkova et al. (2002) |
| YNL065w | AQR1 | H+-antiporter, localized to multiple intracellular membranes/vesicles (secretion of homoserine, Thr, Ala, Asp, Glu) | Velasco et al. (2004) | |
| YLL028w | TPO1 | Polyamine transporter | Tomitori et al. (1999); Uemura et al. (2005) | |
a
Clustered based onon the basis of sequence homology according to Nelissen et al. (1997).
b
Substrate specificity as reported in Regenberg et al. (1999).
c
GAAC-regulated expression according to Natarajan et al. (2001).