. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 7.

Published in final edited form as: Int Conf Affect Comput Intell Interact Workshops. 2009 Dec 8;2009:1–8. doi: 10.1109/ACII.2009.5349321

Table 3.

Indirect pain detection results through AU fusion: Area underneath the ROC curve whereby separate AU detectors were fused together using LLR to detect pain. These results are compared to the direct approach given in the last row.

AU Combination	PTS	APP	PTS+ APP	PTS+ APP*
Eyebrow Lowering (4)	57.35	60.32	57.93	—
Orbital Tightening (6 & 7)	69.51	72.95	73.68	74.28
Levator Contraction (9 & 10)	63.92	59.61	64.05	65.68
Eye Closure (43)	73.56	62.98	73.28	—
Best performing AUs (6, 7, 9, 12 & 43)	75.65	74.29	76.44	78.37
Pain Metric (4, 6 &7, 9&10, 43)	74.69	73.09	73.56	77.28
All Aus	73.78	73.02	74.72	77.26
Direct (from Table 1)	74.25	73.20	75.08	—