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Comparison of perioperative parameters
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number.
NA, not applicable; LN, lymph node; VAS, visual analogue scale.
aThe baseline characteristics (age, gender ratio, body mass index, history of previous abdominal operation, distribution of operative procedures and tumor stage) of robotic groups were similar to those of laparoscopic groups; bThe P-value is calculated from the Mann Whitney U test; cThe P-value is calculated from Fisher's exact test.
