Table 2.
Bladder cancer case survival based on arsenic exposure
| Surviving n (%) | Deaths n (%) | Overall survival HRa 95% CI | Bladder cancer HRa 95% CI | Invasive bladder cancer HRa 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toenail arsenic | |||||
| (≤25th) | 149 (28) | 121 (41) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| (>25th) | 385 (72) | 177 (59) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) |
| (>50th) | 261 | 109 | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) |
| (>75th) | 137 | 49 | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) |
| (>90th) | 60 | 15 | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 0.3 (0.1–1.3) |
| Arsenic consumed from water | |||||
| Low (≤25th) | 171 (62) | 111 (70) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| High (>75th) | 107 (38) | 48 (30) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) |
| Water arsenic level | |||||
| Low (≤25th) | 170 (58) | 101 (62) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| High (>75th) | 125 (42 | 63 (38) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.1 (0.6–2.3) | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) |
| Low (≤10 μg/L) | 501 (94) | 291 (98) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
| High (>10 μg/L) | 33 (6) | 7 (2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 1.3 (0.5–3.7) | 1.5 (0.5–4.6) |
a
Adjusted for gender, age, smoking status, tumor stage, grade and treatment