Table 2.

Antimicrobial regimens recommended by the World Society of Emergency Surgery recommendations for treating biliary intra-abdominal infections

	Antimicrobial agents	Dosage
In stable, non-critical patients
With no ESBL-associated risk factors	Amoxicillin/clavulanate	2.2 g every 6 h (2-h infusion time)
	Ciprofloxacin	400 mg every 8 h (30-min infusion time)
	+
	Metronidazole	500 mg every 6 h (1-h infusion time)
With ESBL-associated risk factors	Tigecycline	100 mg LD then 50 mg every 12 h (2-h infusion time)
In critically ill patients
With no ESBL-associated risk factors	Piperacillin/tazobactam	9 g LD then 18 g per day via continuous infusion or 4.5 g every 6 h (4-h infusion time)
With ESBL-associated risk factors	Piperacillin	8 g LD then 16 g/d via continuous infusion or 4 every 6 h (4-h infusion time)
	+
	Tigecycline	100 mg LD then 50 mg every 12 h (2-h infusion time)
	+/-
	Fluconazole	600 mg LD then 400 mg every 24 h (2-h infusion time)

ESBL: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase; LD: Loading dose.