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. 2009 May 18;9(5):3713–3744. doi: 10.3390/s90503713

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© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Figure 9. — A general strategy for electrochemical DNA detection begins with immobilization of a ssDNA capture probe on an electrode surface: (1) After probe immobilization, baseline electrical measurements are taken and then target DNA is added; (2) Target DNA is allowed to hybridize with the capture DNA; (3) Another set of electrical measurements are made to detect the electrode changes caused by DNA hybridization. Detection can often be further enhanced by modifying the DNA with electroactive compounds or metallic nanoparticles, i.e., indirect detection [133].