Table I. Physical and metabolic characteristics of Higher risk vs Lower risk groups (n=206).
Data values are mean ± SD. Independent T-test and chi square were used to compare differences by Lower Risk and Higher Risk Group.
| Lower Risk HbA1c <6.0 (n=179) | Higher Risk HbA1c ≥6.0 (n=27) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 12.6 ± 2.2 | 13.6 ± 2.3* |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 106/73 | 18/9 |
| Tanner Stage | ||
| 1 | 39 | 3 |
| 2 | 38 | 5 |
| 3 | 13 | 2 |
| 4 | 40 | 5 |
| 5 | 49 | 12 |
| Height (cm) | 156.8 ± 12.1 | 162.3 ± 10.5* |
| Weight (kg) | 74.1 ± 21.3 | 90.4 ± 24.0*** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.6 ± 5.6 | 33.9 ± 6.9*** |
| BMI z-score | 2.02 ± 0.44 | 2.30 ± 0.44** |
| BMI percentile | 96.3 ± 4.6 | 97.8 ± 3.5 |
| Total Lean Tissue Mass (kg) | 44.2 ± 12.3 | 52.4 ± 13.5** |
| Total Fat Mass (kg) | 26.7 ± 10.3 | 34.6 ± 11.6*** |
| Total Percent Fat (%) | 36.4 ± 6.9 | 39.1 ± 5.5* |
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.4 ± 6.8 | 92.6 ± 7.3 |
| 2-hr Glucose (mg/dL) | 124.1 ± 19.6 | 130.4 ± 27.4 |
| Fasting Insulin (μU/mL) | 16.4 ± 10.8 | 22.3 ± 17.9† |
| 2-hr insulin | 149.2 ± 132.0 | 186.8 ± 181.8 |
| HOMA | 3.9 ± 4.1 | 7.7 ± 11.9 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.48 ± 0.28 | 6.07 ± 0.10*** |
| Impaired fast glucose status | 16 (9%) | 4 (16%) |
| Impaired glucose tolerance status | 29 (16%) | 10 (40%)* |
| Pre-diabetes (IFG and/or IGT) | 40 (23%) | 10 (36%)† |
| Insulin sensitivity [x10−4/min−1)/(μU/mL)]a | 1.91 ± 1.25 | 1.31 ± 0.90* |
| Acute Insulin Response (μU/mL)a | 1634 ± 1149 | 1554 ± 1428 |
| Disposition indexa | 2338 ± 1149 | 1631 ± 1225** |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
a
Identifies variables with non-normal distribution which were log-transformed for analyses. Non-transformed values are displayed for ease of interpretation.