Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics by HIV Status and Hyperlipidemia
| Variable | HIV+, hyperlipidemia N=89 |
HIV+, no hyperlipidemia N=137 |
HEU, hyperlipidemia N=40 |
HEU, no hyperlipidemia N=100 |
Overall P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and Anthropometrics - median (25th, 75th)*** | |||||
| Age (y) | 12.31,2 (10.0, 14.0) |
12.33,4 (10.0, 14.2) |
9.61,3 (8.5, 10.8) |
10.52,4 (8.2, 12.3) |
<0.001 |
| Male n, (%) | 38 (43) | 61 (54) | 22 (55) | 53 (53) | 0.33 |
| Race/ethnicity, n, (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 60 (67)1 | 109 (80)2,3 | 21 (53)2 | 56 (56)1,3 | |
| Hispanic | 20 (22) | 20 (15) | 13 (33) | 39 (39) | |
| Non-Hispanic white/other | 9 (10) | 8 (6) | 6 (15) | 5 (5) | |
| Tanner stage 1, n (%) | 22 (25)1 | 37 (27)2,3 | 22 (55)1,2 | 38 (38)3 | 0.004 |
| Weight z-score | 0.171,2 (−0.58, 1.01) |
0.183,4 (−0.65, 0.87) |
0.971,3 (−0.17, 2.6) |
0.522,4 (−0.21, 1.7) |
<0.001 |
| Height z-score | −0.301,2 (−1.30, 0.34) |
−0.173,4 (−1.05, 0.44) |
0.301,3 (−0.46, 1.0) |
0.182,4 (−0.48, 1.0) |
<0.001 |
| BMI z-score | 0.451 (−0.32, 1.43) |
0.152,3 (−0.46, 1.02) |
1.11,2 (−0.1, 2.4) |
0.753 (−0.15, 1.7) |
0.003 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
1981,2 (164, 218) |
1581,3 (140, 177) |
2043,4 (165, 216) |
1572,4 (142, 172) |
<0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
1131,2 (81, 135) |
871,3 (73, 104) |
1263,4 (95, 136) |
902,4 (72, 103) |
<0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
471,2 (39, 56) |
501 (43, 59) |
47 (39, 59) |
512 (44,61) |
0.045 |
| Non HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
1461,2 (116, 161) |
1041,3 (90, 122) |
1413,4 (124, 165) |
1032,4 (87, 118) |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) |
1511,2,3 (107, 186) |
751,4 (54, 96) |
1122,4,5 (59, 148) |
643,5 (55, 87) |
<0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.80 (1.00, 3.70) |
1.5 (0.80, 2.95) |
0.11 | ||
| HIV-Specific Disease Characteristics | |||||
| CDC Stage, n, (%) | 0.32 | ||||
| Stage A, mildly symptomatic | 23 (26) | 49 (36) | |||
| Stage B, moderately symptomatic | 27 (30) | 42 (31) | |||
| Stage C, severely symptomatic | 27 (30) | 30 (22) | |||
| Stage N, not symptomatic | 12 (13) | 15 (11) | |||
| Absolute CD4 count (cells/mm3), median (25th, 75th) | 750 (530, 995) |
704 (502, 902) |
0.30 | ||
| Viral load (copies/mL), median (25th, 75th) | 223 (50, 871) |
400 (50, 2677) |
0.01 | ||
| ≤400 (%) | 65 (73) | 81 (59) | |||
| 401 – 5000 (%) | 8 (9) | 33 (24) | |||
| >5000 (%) | 16 (18) | 23 (17) | |||
| HAART-based ARV grouping, n (%) | 0.04 | ||||
| HAART with PI | 73 (82) | 89 (65) | |||
| HAART without PI | 11 (12) | 25 (18) | |||
| Non-HAART ARV | 3 (3) | 9 (7) | |||
| No ARV | 2 (2) | 12 (9) | |||
*
Results with the same superscript are significantly different (p≤0.05) from each other
HEU = HIV-exposed, uninfected; IQR = interquartile range; ARV = antiretroviral therapy; CDC = Centers for Disease Control; PI = protease inhibitor; HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance