Table 4.

Multivariable Models of Biomarkers of Vascular Dysfunction among HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed, but Uninfected (HEU) Children

Biomarker^: Estimate [95% CI]^*
	Inflammation			Coagulant dysfunction		Endothelial dysfunction
Covariate^***	CRP N=350	IL-6 N=363	MCP-1 N=364	Fibrinogen N=365	P-selectin N=363	sICAM N=355	sVCAM N=363	E-selectin N=365
HIV Group
HIV, HL	0.93 [0.66, 1.3]	1.01 [0.85, 1.3]	1.2³ [1.12, 1.4]	1.1³ [1.1, 1.2]	1.1 [0.92, 1.2]	1.11 [0.95, 1.3]	1.1² [1.04, 1.3]	1.1 [0.97, 1.3]
HIV, no HL	1.01 [0.73, 1.4]	0.97 [0.79, 1.2]	1.1¹ [1.01, 1.25]	1.1 [1.01, 1.1]¹	0.91 [0.8, 1.0]	1.2¹ [1.0,1.4]	1.2³ [1.1, 1.3]	0.90 [0.79, 1.0]
HEU, HL	1.1 [0.7, 1.8]	1.2 [0.94, 1.6]	1.06 [0.92, 1.22]	1.0 [0.97, 1.1]	1.1 [0.92, 1.3]	1.0 [0.85, 1.3]	0.97 [0.86, 1.1]	1.1 [0.93, 1.3]
HEU, no HL	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
P-value	0.85	0.37	0.0015	<0.001	0.073	0.13	<0.001	0.004

Biomarkers of vascular dysfunction were log₁₀-transformed for analysis. For presentation in the tables and text, the antilog was determined for each beta coefficient and 95% CI in each model. For example, for the outcome CRP in the table above, the estimate for HIV with HL vs. HEU no HL was 0.93. The interpretation is that the average value of CRP in the HIV-infected is 0.93 times that in the HEU or ~ 7% lower in the HIV-infected.

^**

Bolded variables are significant at p≤0.05 on the F-test. The superscript indicates p-values for the differences with the HEU no HL. ¹p≤0.05; ²p≤0.01; ³p≤ 0.001.

^***

All models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, Tanner stage and BMI z-score. Other measures of body composition that were considered for the adjustment: waist and hip circumference, waist:hip ratio, and percent body fat. The number included in each model differs due to missing variables and for CRP values greater than 10 were excluded.

CRP = c-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; MCP-1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; sICAM = soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1; sVCAM = soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1