Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristic | N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | <65 | 27 (68) |
| ≥65 | 13 (32) | |
| Ethnic group | Caucasian | 36 (90) |
| African-American | 4 (10) | |
| Gender | Male | 22 (55) |
| Female | 18 (45) | |
| Histology | Carcinoid | 35 (87.5) |
| Islet cell | 2 (5) | |
| Gastrinoma | 1 (2.5) | |
| Pheochromocytoma | 1 (2.5) | |
| Atypical | 1 (2.5) | |
| Location of Primary | Small intestine | 10 (25) |
| Pancreas | 9 (22.5) | |
| Kidney | 3 (7.5) | |
| Stomach | 2 (5) | |
| Adrenal | 1 (2.5) | |
| Lung | 1 (2.5) | |
| Unknown | 14 (35) | |
| Symptoms of carcinoid syndrome | Yes (N=25)* | Diarrhea: 16 (64%) |
| Flushing: 14 (56%) | ||
| Abdominal pain: 8 (32%) | ||
| Weight loss: 5 (20%) | ||
| Palpitations, Sweating, Wheezing: 2 (8%) | ||
| Tumor burden | ≤25% | 32 (80) |
| 26%-50% | 6 (15) | |
| >50% | 2 (5) | |
| Lobes affected | Unilobar | 2 (5) |
| Bilobar | 38 (95) | |
| Distribution | Solitary | 0 (0) |
| Multifocal | 40 (100) | |
| Portal vein invasion | Absent | 39 (98) |
| Present | 1 (2) | |
| Extrahepatic metastases | Absent | 26 (65) |
| Present (peritoneal, lymph nodes) | 14 (35) | |
| ECOG Performance Score | 0 | 30 (75) |
| 1 | 9 (23) | |
| 2 | 1 (2) | |
| Previous systemic therapy | Octreotide | 28 (70) |
| Other (i.e. interferon, streptozotocin) | 3 (8) | |
| None | 9 (22) | |
| Previous Liver-directed therapy | None | 27 (68) |
| TACE | 5 (13) | |
| RFA | 2 (5) | |
| Resection | 3 (7) | |
| RFA + Resection | 2 (5) | |
| Other (Bland) | 1 (2) | |
Abbreviation: ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; RFA, Radiofrequency ablation; TACE, Trans-arterial Chemoembolization,
*
patients may exhibit 1 or more symptoms