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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 Dec 6;21(3):537–546. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0589

Table 2.

Association of Selected Risk Factors with Urothelial (UC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Bladder

Risk Factors Controls UC cases
SCC cases
N N OR1 (95% CI) OR2 (95% CI) N OR1 (95% CI) OR2 (95% CI)
MEN ONLY
History of schistosomiasis*
 No 1027 449 1.0 1.0 218 1.0 1.0
 Yes 1015 564 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) 289 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) 1.4 (1.1, 1.7)
Tobacco use
 Never users 463 127 1.0 1.0 88 1.0 1.0
 Waterpipe only 275 108 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) 73 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) 1.2 (0.8, 1.7)
 Cigarette only 1189 638 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) 1.8 (1.4, 2.2) 288 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) 1.1 (0.9, 1.5)
 Both users 162 150 3.2 (2.3, 4.3) 2.9 (2.1, 3.9) 63 2.0 (1.4, 3.0) 1.8 (1.2, 2.6)
WOMEN ONLY#
History of schistosomiasis*
 No 535 131 1.0 1.0 129 1.0 1.0
 Yes 80 40 2.1 (1.3, 3.2) 1.9 (1.2, 2.9) 44 2.2 (1.5, 3.4) 1.9 (1.2, 3.0)

Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Intervals; UTI, Urinary Tract Infection

1

adjusted for age (in 5-year categories) and governorate of residence

2

adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): adjusted for age (5-year categories), governorate of residence, urban/rural residence, education, smoking (men only), history of schistosomiasis, history of UTI other than schistosomiasis, and menopause (women only)

*

History of schistosomiasis missing for 62 male participants (47 controls, 10 UC cases, and 5 SCC cases) and 19 female participants (12 controls, 3 UC cases, and 4 SCC cases)

#

<5% of women were tobacco users so tobacco use could not be assessed in women