Table I.

Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for predictors of incident heart failure (HF) in community-dwelling older adults without prevalent HF, with and without adjustment for baseline left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD)

Variable	Model without LVSD		Model with LVSD		Absolute difference in HR
	Adjusted HR	P value	Adjusted HR	P value
Age ≥ 75 years	1.95	< 0.001	1.94	< 0.001	0.01
Female gender	0.74	< 0.001	0.76	< 0.001	0.02
African American	0.66	< 0.001	0.67	< 0.001	0.01
Current smoking	1.39	< 0.001	1.42	< 0.001	0.03
General health fair to poor	1.41	< 0.001	1.40	< 0.001	0.01
Coronary artery disease	1.75	< 0.001	1.66	< 0.001	0.09
Hypertension	1.24	0.010	1.27	0.004	0.03
Diabetes mellitus	1.75	< 0.001	1.78	< 0.001	0.03
Stroke	1.30	0.056	1.34	0.033	0.04
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	1.23	0.017	1.23	0.017	0.00
Atrial fibrillation	2.44	< 0.001	2.31	< 0.001	0.13
Left ventricular hypertrophy	1.77	< 0.001	1.72	< 0.001	0.05
Systolic blood pressure [mmHg]	1.01	< 0.001	1.01	< 0.001	0.00
Peripheral arterial disease	1.61	< 0.001	1.59	< 0.001	0.02
Serum creatinine [mg/dl]	1.39	< 0.001	1.40	< 0.001	0.01
Serum uric acid [mg/dl]	1.09	< 0.001	1.09	< 0.001	0.00
Serum albumin [g/dl]	0.71	0.002	0.69	0.002	0.02
Serum insulin [μU/ml]	1.003	0.016	1.002	0.024	0.001
C-reactive protein [mg/dl]	1.01	< 0.001	1.01	< 0.001	0.00
Hemoglobin [g/dl]	0.94	0.013	0.94	0.016	0.00
LVSD (ejection fraction < 45%)	---	---	2.78	< 0.001	---