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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Stat Assoc. 2011 Dec 1;106(496):1485–1495. doi: 10.1198/jasa.2011.tm09294

PSA plots of (a) the raw data, (b) the empirical rate of change, which is defined as $\frac{Δ Y_{i j}}{Δ t_{i j}} = \frac{Y_{i j} - Y_{i, j - 1}}{t_{i j} - t_{i, j - 1}}$ , for the give subject i with observation Y_ij at time t_ij. All profiles are plotted as the gray solid lines, except one profile highlighted in black color.