Table 4.
Association between hospital admissions for CHD and location with adjustments for population and practice characteristics
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR* | (99% CI) | P > z | OR | (99% CI) | P > z | OR | (99% CI) | P > z | OR | (99% CI) | P > z | |
| Age and sex | ||||||||||||
| Male < 30 | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||||||
| Male30_34 | 6.21 | (0.49 78.15) | 0.063 | 6.25 | (0.50 77.82) | 0.061 | 4.75 | (0.40 56.48) | 0.105 | 4.75 | (0.38 60.17) | 0.114 |
| Male35_39 | 6.12 | (0.67 55.92) | 0.035 | 6.15 | (0.67 56.24) | 0.035 | 4.90 | (0.54 44.21) | 0.063 | 3.01 | (0.29 31.08) | 0.220 |
| Male40_44 | 33.55 | (4.59 245.36) | < 0.001 | 33.57 | (4.62 243.96) | < 0.001 | 27.58 | (3.69 206.35) | < 0.001 | 23.22 | (3.06 175.95) | < 0.001 |
| Male45_49 | 74.16 | (9.96 551.96) | < 0.001 | 75.59 | (10.16 562.40) | < 0.001 | 59.18 | (8.02 436.71) | < 0.001 | 53.74 | (7.14 404.44) | < 0.001 |
| Male50_54 | 170.39 | (23.19 1251.92) | < 0.001 | 170.39 | (23.45 1238.11) | < 0.001 | 139.90 | (18.76 1043.33) | < 0.001 | 132.91 | (17.38 1016.13) | < 0.001 |
| Male55_59 | 205.77 | (29.19 1450.64) | < 0.001 | 203.74 | (29.14 1424.52) | < 0.001 | 161.44 | (22.47 1160.04) | < 0.001 | 135.21 | (18.49 988.55) | < 0.001 |
| Male60_64 | 193.14 | (27.90 1336.90) | < 0.001 | 193.89 | (28.08 1338.57) | < 0.001 | 154.88 | (21.68 1106.68) | < 0.001 | 131.83 | (18.05 962.63) | < 0.001 |
| Male65_69 | 161.35 | (22.96 1133.66) | < 0.001 | 174.50 | (24.85 1225.56) | < 0.001 | 139.04 | (19.25 1004.24) | < 0.001 | 169.90 | (22.13 1304.20) | < 0.001 |
| Male70_74 | 163.06 | (22.48 1182.70) | < 0.001 | 184.75 | (25.31 1348.78) | < 0.001 | 156.26 | (20.71 1178.90) | < 0.001 | 181.49 | (22.35 1473.79) | < 0.001 |
| Female < 30 | 0.00 | (0.00 0.00) | < 0.001 | 0.00 | (0.00 0.00) | < 0.001 | 0.00 | (0.00 0.00) | < 0.001 | 0.00 | (0.00 0.00) | < 0.001 |
| Female30_34 | 1.48 | (0.11 20.48) | 0.699 | 1.48 | (0.11 20.52) | 0.699 | 1.23 | (0.09 17.22) | 0.843 | 1.16 | (0.08 16.39) | 0.883 |
| Female35_39 | 9.63 | (1.10 84.70) | 0.007 | 9.76 | (1.11 85.62) | 0.007 | 8.34 | (0.94 73.95) | 0.012 | 5.29 | (0.51 54.44) | 0.065 |
| Female40_44 | 7.03 | (0.82 60.24) | 0.019 | 7.21 | (0.85 61.37) | 0.017 | 6.18 | (0.74 51.59) | 0.027 | 5.94 | (0.70 50.15) | 0.031 |
| Female45_49 | 16.62 | (2.18 126.56) | < 0.001 | 17.00 | (2.24 129.15) | < 0.001 | 11.72 | (1.54 89.09) | 0.002 | 11.38 | (1.46 88.97) | 0.002 |
| Female50_54 | 35.63 | (4.85 262.00) | < 0.001 | 35.93 | (4.89 264.15) | < 0.001 | 30.84 | (4.15 228.96) | < 0.001 | 28.37 | (3.81 211.34) | < 0.001 |
| Female55_59 | 73.93 | (10.25 533.24) | < 0.001 | 75.52 | (10.53 541.46) | < 0.001 | 51.40 | (7.27 363.54) | < 0.001 | 41.82 | (5.76 303.45) | < 0.001 |
| Female60_64 | 80.94 | (11.24 583.04) | < 0.001 | 80.31 | (11.20 575.85) | < 0.001 | 65.97 | (9.06 480.42) | < 0.001 | 57.36 | (7.57 434.48) | < 0.001 |
| Female65_69 | 60.50 | (8.11 451.47) | < 0.001 | 67.63 | (9.01 507.71) | < 0.001 | 48.66 | (6.41 369.24) | < 0.001 | 53.11 | (6.58 428.91) | < 0.001 |
| Female70_74 | 77.00 | (10.30 575.79) | < 0.001 | 81.05 | (10.83 606.71) | < 0.001 | 69.78 | (9.06 537.59) | < 0.001 | 89.42 | (10.84 737.58) | < 0.001 |
| Location1 | ||||||||||||
| PC | ref. | ref. | ref. | |||||||||
| US | 0.94 | (0.65 1.36) | 0.649 | 1.03 | (0.71 1.48) | 0.860 | 1.08 | (0.74 1.57) | 0.666 | |||
| AST | 0.89 | (0.52 1.53) | 0.572 | 0.98 | (0.55 1.73) | 0.916 | 0.99 | (0.57 1.71) | 0.878 | |||
| RST | 0.37 | (0.16 0.86) | 0.002 | 0.41 | (0.16 1.03) | 0.013 | 0.34 | (0.10 1.14) | 0.009 | |||
| VRST | 0.65 | (0.13 3.16) | 0.486 | 0.70 | (0.10 5.04) | 0.646 | 1.06 | (0.12 9.60) | 0.995 | |||
| AR | 0.69 | (0.40 1.18) | 0.077 | 0.78 | (0.45 1.35) | 0.246 | 0.83 | (0.48 1.42) | 0.326 | |||
| RR | 0.68 | (0.35 1.35) | 0.152 | 0.86 | (0.41 1.84) | 0.621 | 0.96 | (0.45 2.08) | 0.735 | |||
| VRR | 0.49 | (0.26 0.90) | 0.003 | 0.57 | (0.31 1.03) | 0.015 | 0.70 | (0.37 1.35) | 0.087 | |||
| Social Class | ||||||||||||
| Intermediate | ref. | ref. | ||||||||||
| Professional | 0.61 | (0.27 1.36) | 0.112 | 0.58 | (0.26 1.28) | 0.073 | ||||||
| Skilled non-manual | 0.99 | (0.61 1.61) | 0.959 | 0.99 | (0.60 1.64) | 0.935 | ||||||
| Skilled manual | 1.27 | (0.81 1.97) | 0.171 | 1.17 | (0.74 1.85) | 0.358 | ||||||
| Partly skilled | 1.19 | (0.75 1.91) | 0.331 | 1.16 | (0.71 1.91) | 0.450 | ||||||
| Unskilled | 1.36 | (0.75 2.46) | 0.182 | 1.28 | (0.67 2.45) | 0.315 | ||||||
| House ownership | ||||||||||||
| Owned | ref. | ref. | ||||||||||
| Publicly rented | 1.75 | (1.23 2.51) | < 0.001 | 1.75 | (1.19 2.57) | < 0.001 | ||||||
| Privately rented | 1.14 | (0.41 3.22) | 0.738 | 1.24 | (0.41 3.74) | 0.605 | ||||||
| Others | 1.81 | (0.66 5.00) | 0.131 | 2.02 | (0.71 5.80) | 0.095 | ||||||
| Practice char. | ||||||||||||
| WTE GPs per 1000 pop. | 1.32 | (0.59 2.96) | 0.382 | |||||||||
| GPs age (mean) | 0.99 | (0.95 1.02) | 0.271 | |||||||||
| Survey year 1998 | 0.57 | (0.39 0.83) | 0.110 | |||||||||
| Log pseudo-likelihood | -2806 | -2799 | -2710 | -2425 | ||||||||
| Sample size | 15435 | 15423 | 14448 | 13019 | ||||||||
| Joint significance of rural | X2(7) = 9.84 | p = 0.197 |
* OR Odds Ratio ref. reference group 1 PC Primary Cities, US Urban Settlements, AST Accessible Small Towns, RST Remote Small Towns, VRST Very Remote Small Towns, AR Accessible Rural, RR Remote Rural, VRR Very Remote Rural. 2 p-values calculated using standard errors clustered by practice