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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Ther. 2011 Dec;33(12):B16–B39. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.11.016

Table 8. Commonly Used Rating Scales To Assess Key Efficacy and Adverse Effect Outcomes in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Efficacy Adverse Effects
Domain Commonly Used Rating Scale Domain Commonly Used Rating Scale
Global Outcome Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Severity and Improvement Scale 13 Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale 93 General Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser (UKU) 128 Treatment Emergent Side Effect Scale (TESS) 13
General Psychopathology (including Positive and Negative Symptoms) Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) 11 Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) 12 Sedation Agitation-Calmness Evaluation Scale (ACES) 134
Positive Symptoms Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) 28 Sexual Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) 135
Negative Symptoms Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) 29 EPS overall Simpson-Angus Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal side-effects 125Extrapyramidal Symptom Ratings Scale (ESRS)126
Aggression/Agitation PANSS Excited Component subscale or PANSS/BPRS “hostility” item11, 12 Akathisia Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) 124
Depression Calgary Depression Rating Scale 116 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) 117 Montgomery-Asberg Depression rating Scale (MADRS) 118 Dyskinesia Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) 127
Anxiety Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) 119
Quality of Life Heinrich Carpenter Quality of Life Scale 120