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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 7.
Published in final edited form as: Anal Chem. 2012 Jan 19;84(3):1224–1228. doi: 10.1021/ac203209t

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The design of the microfluidic concentration gradient device for studying single cell NF-κB dynamics. CHO/GFP-NFκBp65 cells are seeded in one monolayer in the microfluidic culture chamber (having a depth of 60 μm, a width of 0.9 mm, and a length of 11 mm). For stimulation of cells, IL-1β of a specific concentration (0.1, 1, or 10 ng/ml) flows into the device at 0.05 μl/min from the left inlet while neat PBS buffer flows in from the right inlet at the same flow rate. The concentration profiles along the width of the culture chamber can be modeled by COMSOL and the concentration profiles at Z=1 and 11 mm are shown in the upper inset graph. The lower inset images show the fluorescence images of the cells after stimulation by IL-1β (inlet concentration of 1 ng/ml) for 0, 65, 130 min. The images show that at the left side of the culture chamber with high IL-1β concentration, the majority of the cells experience NF-κB translocation. In comparison, at the right side, few cells show translocation.