Table 1.

Gene modifiers of the response to spinal cord injury and/or to neurotrauma.

Gene variant	Experimental paradigm	Gene function	Neuropathology	References
ApoE	Human and ApoE -/- animal models	Lipid transport	Neurofibrillary tangles	Jordan et al., 1997 Saunders et al., 1993 Setzer et al., 2008
ABCD1	Human carriers	Transport and metabolise very long-chain fatty acids	Axonal demylination	Berger & Gartner, 2006 Fatemi et al., 2003 Raymond et al., 2010
Bach1	Bach -/- mice	Pro-oxidant; (transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase-1)	Cellular death	Kanno et al., 2009 Yamada et al., 2008
SOD1	Animal models	Oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, neurofilaments, lipid metabolism	Neuronal death, Reactive astrogliosis	Jokic et al., 2010 Sharp et al., 2005
TDP-43	Human trauma and Nerve injury animal models	DNA, RNA and protein binding	Neuronal death	Mckee et al., 2010 Moisse et al., 2009
SEPT9	Humans	Cytoskeleton, cell division, tumorigenesis	Axonal degeneration	Kuhlenbaumer et al., 2005
MHC2TA	Root avulsion animal models	Major MHC class II	Neuronal death	Harnesk et al., 2008 Piehl et al., 2007
Beta App	Human trauma and injury animal models	Protein cleavage, oxidative stress	Neurofibrillary tangles	Li et al., 1995 Uryu et al., 2002 Uryu et al., 2007
FGF	Dominant negative animals	Angiogenesis, wound healing, embryonic development	Cellular death	Eckenstein et al., 2006
HSP	Animal models	Molecular chaperones, oxidative stress, apoptosis	Neuronal death	Reddy et al., 2008

The table details for each gene, the experimental context where the effect of the gene was tested and the molecular pathways through to be implicated in the specific gene-driven molecular response to trauma.