Table 2.

Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity calculated by a bivariate random-effects model

	Studies	n	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Variance logit (sensitivity)	Specificity (95% CI)	Variance logit (specificity)
Observation/ Admission (Cut point 5)	All studies	28	0.99 (0.97 to 0.99)	3.37	0.43 (0.36 to 0.51)	0.61
	Men	5	0.96 (0.88 to 0.99)	1.09	0.34 (0.24 to 0.47)	0.06
	Women	5	0.99 (0.92 to 0.99)	2.12	0.35 (0.14 to 0.64)	1.51
	Children*	9	0.99 (0.83 to 1.00)	8.99	0.57 (0.41 to 0.72)	0.79
Surgery (Cut point 7)	All studies	29	0.82 (0.76 to 0.86)	0.48	0.81 (0.76 to 0.85)	0.46
	Men	6	0.88 (0.75 to 0.95)	1.15	0.57 (0.40 to 0.73)	0.44
	Women	7	0.86 (0.78 to 0.92)	0.44	0.73 (0.58 to 0.84)	0.62
	Children*	9	0.87 (0.76 to 0.93)	0.98	0.76 (0.55 to 0.89)	1.50

* For the purpose of this study Children are defined as any participant under the age of 18 years of age.