Table 1. Sampling localities, sample sizes, and summary of genetic data.
| Species | Population (pop #) | N | bp | h | #Mut | S | Hd | π | k |
| H. flavus | Total | 32 | 496 | 10 | 26 | 26 | 0.879±0.03 | 0.017±0.01 | 8.532±4.05 |
| Lula, Monte Albo- Grotta Conca 'e Crapa (1) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Lula, Monte Albo- Grotta di Nurai (2) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Lula, Monte Albo- Voragine su Saccu (3) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Lula, Monte Albo- Grotta Pupa Niedda (4) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1.000±0.50 | 0.006±0.01 | 3.000±2.44 | ||
| Lula, Monte Albo- Badde Viola (5) * | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Siniscola, Monte Albo- Locoli (6) * | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Siniscola, Monte Albo- Grotta dell'Inghiottitoio di Locoli (7) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.833±0.22 | 0.003±0.00 | 1.667±1.22 | ||
| Siniscola, Monte Albo- Nurra di Fruncu 'e Oche (8) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.500±0.27 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.500±0.52 | ||
| Siniscola, Badde Ghiramonte (9) * | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| H. supramontis | Total | 42 | 572 | 11 | 51 | 50 | 0.877±0.02 | 0.032±0.02 | 18.433±8.34 |
| Dorgali, Monte Coazza- Grotta Gurennoro (29) | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0.700±0.22 | 0.002±0.00 | 1.000±0.80 | ||
| Oliena, Lanaitto- Grotta su Bentu (30) | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.250±0.18 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.250±0.31 | ||
| Oliena, Punta sos Nidos- Nurra de sas Palumbas (31) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Oliena, Scala 'e Pradu- Pozzetto di Scala 'e Pradu (32) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.400±0.24 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.400±0.44 | ||
| Galtelli, Monte Tuttavista- Pozzo 1 di Tres Puntas (33) | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Urzulei, Tuvoddoli- Grotta Nurra Tuvodduli (34) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Urzulei- Punta Cuccuttos (35) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Baunei- Grotta ‘Nurra su Sirbone (36) and * | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Baunei, Tentinole’- Inghiottitoio di Su Canale (37) | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.333±0.22 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.333±0.38 | ||
| H. sarrabusensis | Total | 10 | 508 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.644±0.10 | 0.003±0.00 | 1.622±1.04 |
| Castadias, Monte Minniminni (38) * | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Burcei, Monte Settefratelli- Sorgente 3 Tulinu (39) | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.333±0.22 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.333±0.38 | ||
| H. imperialis | Total | 76 | 477 | 28 | 61 | 58 | 0.963±0.01 | 0.030±0.02 | 14.445±6.54 |
| Sedilo- Funtana Zia Rega (10) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.500±0.27 | 0.002±0.00 | 1.000±0.83 | ||
| Ardauli- Ponte Canale (11) * | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.000±0.50 | 0.002±0.003 | 1.000±1.00 | ||
| Ula Tirso- Lago Omodeo (12) * | 7 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0.476±0.17 | 0.003±0.002 | 1.429±0.99 | ||
| Samugheo, Castello di Medusa- Grotta degli Spelerpes (13) | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Asuni, Abba Suergiu- Grotta Stampu de Muscione (14) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Seui, Monte Tonneri- Grotta Sa Muragessa (15) | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.500±0.27 | 0.001±0.001 | 0.500±0.52 | ||
| Seui, Funtana 'e Pauli- Grutta 'e Pauli (16) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.400±0.24 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.400±0.44 | ||
| Gairo, Taquisara- Grotta di Taquisara (17) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.400±0.24 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.400±0.44 | ||
| Osini, Serra di Orroli- Grotta di Orroli (18) | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0.733±0.16 | 0.004±0.00 | 1.733±1.17 | ||
| Ulassai, Truculu- Grotta de Is Lianas and along the road before and after the Grotta de Is Lianas (19) and * | 6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 0.600±0.22 | 0.004±0.00 | 1.933±1.27 | ||
| Sadali, Foresta di Addoli- Near Grotta Margiani Ghiani (20) * | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Nurri, Crabarida- Grotta Asuta 'e Scracca (21) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Tertenia- Bosco di San Pietro (22) * | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Tertenia- Aqueduct S'ena e Gabudu (23) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Perdasdefugu, Su Sarmentargiu- Grotta Sa Rutta e' Linus (24) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.600±0.18 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.600±0.56 | ||
| Perdasdefugu, Se Tomeu- Near Grotta 6 Se Tomeu (25) * | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Villaputzu, Suergiu- Fossa de Suergiu (26) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| San Nicolo Gerrei, Monte Taccu- Grotta Risorgenza Sa Turru (27) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.600±0.18 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.600±0.56 | ||
| Villasalto, Pardu- Grotta Sa Rutta 'e Scusi (28) | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.400±0.24 | 0.002±0.00 | 0.800±0.68 | ||
| H. genei | Total | 24 | 490 | 13 | 64 | 61 | 0.924±0.03 | 0.037± 0.02 | 18.159±8.35 |
| Fluminimaggiore - Mine di Terras Nieddas (40) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.400±0.24 | 0.001±0.00 | 0.400±0.44 | ||
| Fluminimaggiore - Grotta su Mannau (41) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Domusnovas - Mine Su Corovau (42) | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0.833±0.22 | 0.002±0.00 | 1.000±0.83 | ||
| Iglesias - Near Grotta Cuccuru Tiria (43) * | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Iglesias - Grotta Gutturu 'e Sattu (44) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | 0.000±0.00 | ||
| Carbonia- Monte Tasua (45) * | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.600±0.18 | 0.002±0.00 | 1.200±0.91 | ||
| Nuxis, Tattinu - Grotta dei geotritoni (46) | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.500±0.27 | 0.002±0.00 | 1.000±0.83 | ||
| Nuxis, Tattinu - La Cava Romana (47) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Domus de Maria, Orbai - Galleria Mazzini (48) | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Overall | 184 | 65 |
Pop # refers to population number as indicated in Figure 1; N indicates the sample size for each species and population, bp the number of base pairs used after removal of sites with missing or ambiguous characters in at least one of the sequences (see Materials and Methods), h the number of haplotypes, #Mut the number of mutations, S the number of polymorphic sites, Hd the haplotype diversity, π the nucleotide diversity, k the mean number of pairwise differences between sequences. Hd, π, and k has been calculated only for populations with two or more individuals. Populations are indicated with the municipality name first followed by the population name. “*” next to the population names indicates that animals were sampled in old quarries, outside caves or deeply buried under stones. No “*” indicates that populations were sampled in caves.