Table 1. Heart failure remodeling.

	% Change vs. GPB	References	Experimental conditions
INaL	↑ 200	Maltsev et al., 2007 [15]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV mid-myocardium of failing dog hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature)
		Valdivia et al., 2005 [16]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature)
ôhL	↑ 200	Maltsev et al., 2007 [15]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV mid-myocardium of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature)
Ito	↓ 60	Wettwer et al., 1994 [70]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV endocardium of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature)
		Beuckelmann et al., 1993 [10]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV mid-myocardium of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature)
		Nabauer et al., 1996 [71]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV endocardium of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature)
IK1	↓ 32	Tomaselli et al., 1999 [3]	Review article. Several species.
		Beuckelmann et al., 1993 [10]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV mid-myocardium of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (35°C)
		Li et al., 2004 [7]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from RV epicardium of failing human hearts. Whole cell voltage clamp (room temperature)
INaK	↓ 10	Bundgaard et al., 1996 [14]	Measurements of human myocardial. Na,K-ATPase concentration in failing hearts
		Tomaselli et al., 1999 [3]	Review article.
		Tomaselli et al. 2004 [4]	Review article.
INab	= 0	Priebe and Beuckelmann, 1998 [5]	Simulation of human HF.
ICab	↑ 153	Priebe and Beuckelmann, 1998 [5]	Simulation of human HF.
NCX	↑ 175	Priebe and Beuckelmann, 1998 [5]	Simulation of human HF.
		Reinecke et al. 1996 [68]	The functional activity of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger was determined by measuring the Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake into membrane vesicles prepared from human left ventricular samples
SERCA	↓ 50	Piacentino et al., 2003 [11]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV of failing human hearts. Measurements of Ca2+ uptake rates by the SR (37°C).
		Hasenfuss et al., 1994 [72]	Endocardial strip preparations from human failing hearts. Measurements of Ca2+ uptake in myocardial homogenates (37°C).
		Schwinger et al., 1995 [73]	LV from human failing hearts. Measurements of Ca2+ uptake.
Ileak	↑ 500	Bers et al., 2006 [9]	Review article.
EC50SR	↓ 11	Curran et al., 2010 [69]	Isolated cardiomyocytes from LV of failing rabbit hearts. Measurements of RyR sensitivity to SR Ca2+.
		Antoons et al., 2007 [13]	Review article.
		Bers et al., 2006 [9]	Review article.

Changes in ion channel, transporters, and pumps activities, and constants used in the basic heart failure (HF) model. The changes are indicated in percentage of increase (↑) or decrease (↓) with respect to the Grandi et al. model (the GPB model) [25].