Table 1.
Selected characteristics of Chinese adults according to different dietary patterns1
| All | Western pattern | Traditional northern pattern | Traditional southern pattern | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | ||
| Age (years) | 39.8 (0.1) | 40.7 (0.2) | 37.6 (0.3) | 41.1 (0.2) | 39.6 (0.2) | 40.0 (0.2) | 38.7 (0.2) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.7 (0.0) | 22.4 (0.1) | 23.0 (0.1) | 21.9 (0.1) | 23.2 (0.1) | 22.7 (0.1) | 23.1 (0.1) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.8 (0.2) | 118.6 (0.4) | 118.1 (0.5) | 119.0 (0.4) | 120.5 (0.3) | 118.6 (0.5) | 118.0 (0.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.5 (0.1) | 77.1 (0.3) | 77.6 (0.4) | 76.6 (0.2) | 78.9 (0.2) | 77.6 (0.3) | 77.6 (0.2) |
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 2476.4 (7.4) | 2408.2 (17.2) | 2524.5 (17.8) | 2685.6 (13.5) | 2727.3 (15.3) | 2026.0 (15.9) | 2894.0 (15.1) |
| Sodium intake (mg) | 6099.9 (25.7) | 6196.6 (64.2) | 5841.0 (58.4) | 5895.0 (48.0) | 6557.6 (55.1) | 5873.3 (72.3) | 6491.5 (62.2) |
| Alcohol consumption (g/day) | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.9 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | 0.9 (0.0) | 0.5 (0.0) | 1.0 (0.0) |
| Sex (% of men) | 53.0 (0.6) | 51.8 (1.3) | 56.5 (1.3) | 54.6 (1.2) | 59.4 (1.0) | 49.1 (1.4) | 61.5 (1.0) |
| Prevalence of hypertension2 (%) | 29.4 (0.6) | 28.1 (1.1) | 28.7 (1.3) | 27.5 (1.1) | 33.2 (1.0) | 29.5 (1.3) | 27.1 (1.0) |
| Family history (%) | 15.2 (0.4) | 12.4 (0.9) | 21.9 (1.0) | 10.4 (0.6) | 17.4 (0.8) | 14.4 (1.1) | 20.2 (0.9) |
| Living area (%) | |||||||
| Urban area | 27.5 (0.0) | 29.5 (0.5) | 51.1 (1.0) | 10.4 (0.5) | 16.7 (0.9) | 33.5 (0.6) | 38.3 (0.9) |
| Rural area | 72.5 (0.0) | 70.5 (0.5) | 48.9 (1.0) | 89.6 (0.5) | 83.3 (0.9) | 66.5 (0.6) | 61.7 (0.9) |
| Annual income per family member (RMB) | |||||||
| <800 | 12.1 (0.3) | 15.2 (0.7) | 6.1 (0.7) | 11.7 (0.8) | 17.1 (0.7) | 18.9 (0.6) | 5.3 (0.6) |
| 800-1999 | 32.8 (0.5) | 33.9 (0.9) | 20.4 (1.2) | 40.5 (1.1) | 40.9 (0.9) | 34.0 (0.9) | 21.4 (0.9) |
| 2000-4999 | 31.4 (0.5) | 28.7 (1.0) | 28.4 (1.2) | 34.2 (1.1) | 30.8 (1.0) | 23.5 (1.1) | 35.7 (1.0) |
| ≥5000 | 23.7 (0.4) | 22.2 (0.9) | 45.2 (1.2) | 13.6 (0.6) | 11.2 (0.7) | 23.5 (1.0) | 37.6 (1.0) |
| Education level (%) | |||||||
| Uneducated | 36.6 (0.4) | 41.3 (0.9) | 20.0 (1.1) | 52.7 (1.1) | 36.6 (0.9) | 37.3 (0.9) | 24.1 (0.9) |
| Primary school | 38.2 (0.6) | 35.3 (1.2) | 35.5 (1.3) | 36.1 (1.0) | 44.2 (1.0) | 36.2 (1.3) | 40.8 (1.1) |
| Middle school | 18.2 (0.5) | 17.2 (1.1) | 28.2 (1.2) | 9.9 (0.8) | 15.4 (0.8) | 19.6 (1.3) | 23.1 (0.9) |
| Higher education | 7.0 (0.3) | 6.1 (0.7) | 16.3 (0.9) | 1.2 (0.2) | 3.7 (0.4) | 7.0 (0.9) | 12.0 (0.7) |
| Physical activity level (%) | |||||||
| Sedentary | 51.6 (0.5) | 53.7 (1.0) | 36.7 (1.3) | 69.1 (0.9) | 53.6 (1.0) | 49.0 (1.0) | 44.1 (1.0) |
| Low active | 21.6 (0.5) | 21.3 (1.1) | 17.6 (0.9) | 19.1 (0.7) | 23.5 (0.8) | 23.9 (1.2) | 18.1 (0.8) |
| Active | 13.8 (0.4) | 13.0 (1.0) | 21.9 (1.0) | 6.5 (0.5) | 12.2 (0.7) | 14.2 (1.1) | 18.4 (0.8) |
| Very active | 13.0 (0.4) | 11.9 (0.9) | 23.8 (1.1) | 5.3 (0.4) | 10.7 (0.8) | 12.8 (1.1) | 19.4 (0.9) |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Never smoked | 71.1 (0.5) | 73.6 (1.1) | 69.1 (1.2) | 70.1 (1.1) | 66.2 (1.0) | 75.3 (1.2) | 65.1 (1.1) |
| Former smoker | 1.5 (0.1) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.8 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.4) | 2.3 (0.3) |
| 1-14 cigarettes/day | 10.6 (0.4) | 9.5 (0.8) | 12.9 (0.9) | 8.3 (0.5) | 13.9 (0.8) | 10.6 (0.9) | 12.6 (0.8) |
| ≥15 cigarettes/day | 16.7 (0.4) | 15.4 (0.9) | 16.2 (0.9) | 19.9 (1.0) | 18.4 (0.8) | 12.4 (0.8) | 20.0 (0.9) |
1Values are means (standard error) for the quantitative variables or proportions (standard error) for the qualitative variables
2Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg