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. 2012 Mar 12;7(3):e33196. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033196

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Bassity, Clark.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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Phase contrast images show aggregation of tDCs typical of activated leukocytes after 24 hrs incubation with TLR-ligands (A), while tDCs in medium alone remained randomly distributed (B). tDC CD83 mRNA copy numbers, measured by real-time RT-PCR, increase significantly (*p<0.05) compared to media controls at 24 hrs of exposure to TLR-ligands (C), while MHCII mRNA copy numbers are not significantly changed (D). However, after 4 day incubation with TLR-ligands, tDCs upregulate surface expression of MHCII (E), (grey dotted histogram: TLR-ligand treated tDCs, black line histogram: media control tDCS, and grey filled histogram: pre-immune serum control) and by cytospin take on a morphology strikingly similar to mammalian DCs (F).