Mph1 DNA helicase activity on 5′-flap-structured DNA. (A) helicase activity of Mph1 on 5′-flap-structured substrates of various lengths (1, 5 and 15-nt) in the flap region. The amount of substrate unwound plotted against the incubation period (1, 4, 10 and 25 min). (B) Helicase assays were performed with fork-structured substrates of various lengths (0-, 27- and 48-nt) in their 5′-extension region. The amount of substrate unwound was measured and plotted against the incubation period (1, 4, 10 and 25 min). (C) Unwinding rate of 5′-flap-structured substrates of different nucleotides sequences in the 27-nt 5′-flap region (random, dT, dA and dC). The amount of substrate unwound was measured and plotted against the incubation period (2, 8 and 25 min). (D) Unwinding rate of fork-structured substrates with sequence variations in the 27-nt 5′ tail region (random, dT, dA and dC). The amount of substrate unwound was measured and plotted against incubation period (2, 8 and 25 min). In all assays (A–D), 60 fmol of Mph1 was used. Note that one representative result was shown from several experiments carried out similarly.