TABLE 2.
Cox regression analysis of associations between growth faltering in EU infants and maternal and infant characteristics1
|
Underweight (WAZ < −2) |
Wasting (WLZ < −2) |
Stunting (LAZ < −2) |
||||
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Infant characteristics | ||||||
| Feeding as randomized | ||||||
| BF arm | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — |
| FF arm | 1.01 (0.60, 1.68) | 0.98 | 1.27 (0.64, 2.52) | 0.49 | 0.82 (0.56, 1.19) | 0.30 |
| Feeding as practiced | ||||||
| Ever breast-fed | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — |
| Never breast-fed | 1.21 (0.73, 2.02) | 0.46 | 1.36 (0.69, 2.67) | 0.37 | 0.93 (0.64, 1.36) | 0.71 |
| WAZ, WLZ, or LAZ at birth | 0.37 (0.27, 0.52) | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.58, 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.48 (0.41, 0.56) | <0.001 |
| Diarrheal episode in past month2 | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — |
| Yes | 1.52 (0.84, 2.73) | 0.16 | 2.37 (1.17, 4.80) | 0.02 | 0.99 (0.61, 1.63) | 0.98 |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||||
| Age, per 10 y | 1.12 (0.62, 2.00) | 0.72 | 0.61 (0.27, 1.38) | 0.23 | 1.24 (0.80, 1.93) | 0.33 |
| Plasma HIV RNA viral load, log10 | 1.31 (0.94, 1.83) | 0.11 | 0.91 (0.60, 1.39) | 0.66 | 1.16 (0.91, 1.47) | 0.24 |
| CD4 count, cells/μL | ||||||
| >200 | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — | 1.00 (ref) | — |
| <200 | 1.03 (0.44, 2.40) | 0.95 | 0.91 (0.28, 3.02) | 0.88 | 1.12 (0.62, 2.05) | 0.71 |
| Height, cm | 0.90 (0.86, 0.95) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) | 0.39 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.97) | <0.001 |
| Education, y | 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) | 0.08 | 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) | 0.30 | 0.90 (0.85, 0.96) | 0.001 |
1
Values are HR (95% CI). BF, breastfeeding; EU, HIV-1–exposed, uninfected; FF, formula feeding; LAZ, length-for-age Z-score; ref, reference; WAZ, weight-for-age Z-score; WLZ, weight-for-length Z-score.
2
Episode of diarrhea occurring in the month prior to Z-score < −2.