Table 4. Odds ratios (95% CI) of having specific cardiometabolic risk factors per standard deviation of VAT, SAT, or FM.
|
Males |
Females |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| VAT | Model 2 | Model 4 | Model 6 | Model 2 | Model 4 | Model 6 |
| High triglyceride | 2.6 (2.0–3.3)** | 2.6 (1.9–3.6)** | 2.6 (1.8–3.7)** | 2.3 (1.9–2.8)** | 2.1 (1.7–2.7)** | 2.2 (1.7–2.9)** |
| Low HDL | 1.8 (1.4–2.2)** | 1.5 (1.2–2.0)* | 1.5 (1.1–2.1)* | 2.4 (2.0–3.0)** | 2.2 (1.7–2.8)** | 2.2 (1.7–2.9)** |
| Diabetes | 1.4 (1.1–1.8)* | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 2.9 (2.3–3.7)** | 3.0 (2.3–3.9)** | 2.9 (2.2–4.0)** |
| High BP | 2.2 (1.7–2.8)** | 1.8 (1.3–2.4)** | 1.7 (1.2–2.3)* | 1.8 (1.5–2.2)** | 1.7 (1.4–2.2)** | 1.6 (1.2–2.1)* |
| 2+ Risk factors | 10.1 (6.5–15.8)** | 5.9 (3.7–9.7)** | 5.3 (3.1–9.1)** | 8.1 (5.8–11.4)** | 5.3 (3.6–7.7)** | 4.3 (2.9–6.3)** |
| SAT | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
| High triglycerides | 1.5 (1.2–1.8)** | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | — | 1.7 (1.4–2.0)** | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | — |
| Low HDL | 1.5 (1.2–1.8)** | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | — | 1.7 (1.4–2.0)** | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | — |
| Diabetes | 1.4 (1.2–1.7)* | 1.3 (1.0–1.6)* | — | 1.7 (1.4–2.0)** | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | — |
| High BP | 1.8 (1.5–2.2)** | 1.4 (1.1–1.8)* | — | 1.5 (1.2–1.8)** | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | — |
| 2+ Risk factors | 4.0 (2.9–5.3)** | 2.0 (1.4–2.7)** | 3.3 (2.7–4.1)** | 1.8 (1.4–2.3)** | — | |
| FM | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 5 | Model 6 | ||
| High triglycerides | 1.7 (1.4–2.1)** | — | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1)** | — | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Low HDL | 1.5 (1.3–1.9)** | — | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.7 (1.5–2.1)** | — | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Diabetes | 1.5 (1.2–1.9)** | — | 1.5 (1.1–1.9)* | 1.9 (1.5–2.2)** | — | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| High BP | 1.9 (1.5–2.3)** | — | 1.4 (1.0–1.8)* | 1.6 (1.3–1.9)** | — | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
| 2+ Risk factors | 4.6 (3.4–6.2)** | 2.0 (1.4–2.9)** | 4.2 (3.3–5.3)** | 2.1 (1.6–2.8)** | ||
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; FM, total body fat mass; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; OR, odds ratio; SAT, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
Odds ratios of having specific risk factor per standard deviation of VAT, SAT or FM unadjusted for other adiposity variables in (A) Model 2 (demographic variables + VAT), Model 3 (demographic variables + SAT) and Model 5 (demographic variables + FM), and adjusted for other adiposity variables in (B) Model 4 (demographic variables + VAT and SAT) and (C) Model 6 (demographic variables + VAT and FM).
High triglycerides, triglycerides ⩾150 mg dl−1; Low HDL, HDL <50 mg dl−1 (women), HDL <40 mg dl−1 (men); Diabetes, glucose ⩾126 mg dl−1 or reported diabetes; High BP, systolic BP ⩾140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ⩾90 mm Hg or reported hypertension. 2+ Risk factors, having two or more of high triglyceride, low HDL, diabetes or high BP.
*P<0.05;
**P<0.0001.