Table 1.

Individual TLRs and the RNA viruses recognized by them^a

Receptor	Virus	Ligand	Reference(s)
TLR7	Influenza A virus	ssRNA	21
	Vesicular stomatitis virus	ssRNA	76
	Human immunodeficiency virus	ssRNA	9, 36
	Dengue virus	ssRNA	128
	Sendai virus	ssRNA	72
	Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus	ssRNA	6
	Mouse mammary tumor virus	ssRNA	55
	Murine leukemia virus	ssRNA	55
TLR8	Human immunodeficiency virus	ssRNA	21, 54
TLR3	Reoviridae	dsRNA	62, 129
	Respiratory syncytial virus	dsRNA	62, 129
	West Nile virus	dsRNA	17, 62, 129
	Coxsackievirus B3	dsRNA	88
	Poliovirus	dsRNA	91
	Influenza A virus	dsRNA	34
	Punta Toro virus	dsRNA	33
TLR2	Measles virus	HA	11
	Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus	?	141, 142
	Hepatitis C virus	Core protein/NS3	22
TLR4	Respiratory syncytial virus	Fusion protein	70
	Coxsackievirus B4	?	121
	Mouse mammary tumor virus	Envelope protein	97
	Murine leukemia virus	Envelope protein	97

^a?, ligand unknown.