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In Ctr1−/− cells, Ras/MAPK pathway signal transduction is intact through Mek1/2 activation. Ctr1+/+ and Ctr1−/− cells were serum starved for 16 h and subsequently stimulated with FGF for the times indicated, and the phosphorylated and total levels of B-Raf, Mek1/2, Erk1/2, and Akt1 were assessed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting of the total protein extracts.
