Binding of H-NS to vps promoters. DIG-labeled DNA fragments containing the tcpA (A), vpsA (B), vpsL (C), vpsR (D), vpsT (E), and VC1922 (F) promoters were incubated with pure H-NS protein. Each labeled DNA was incubated with 0 (lanes 1), 10 (lanes 2), and 20 (lanes 3) ng of H-NS and 20 ng of H-NS plus a 62.5-fold excess of unlabeled competitor DNA (lanes 4). The spans of the promoter fragments used relative to the start codon were as follows: −306 to −83 for tcpA; −257 to −9 for vpsA; −240 to −13 for vpsL; −237 to −7 for vpsR; −224 to +3 for vpsT; and −113 to +43 for VC1922.