Table 1.

Summary of pH-controlled fermentations (10% xylose)^a

Strain	Furfural concn (mM)	Furfural-dependent slow growth		μ max (h−1)	Cell yield (g liter−1)
		μ (h−1)	Duration (h)b
LY180/pTrc99A	0	No slow phase		0.23 ± 0.1	4.6 ± 0.1
LY180/pTrc99A	10	<0.04	>72	<0.04	0.06 ± 0.01
LY180/pLOI4856	0	No slow phase		0.22 ± 0.01	4.5 ± 0.2
LY180/pLOI4856	10	0.09 ± 0.01	22 ± 2	0.14 ± 0.01	3.6 ± 0.1
LY180	0	No slow phase		0.23 ± 0.01	3.6 ± 0.2
LY180	8	0.09 ± 0.01	21 ± 1	0.16 ± 0.01	4.0 ± 0.1
LY180	10	<0.04	>72	<0.04	0.08 ± 0.02
XW118c	0	No slow phase		0.22 ± 0.03	3.1 ± 0.2
XW118	8	0.01 ± 0.01	55 ± 2	0.14 ± 0.01	4.0 ± 0.1
XW118	10	<0.04	>72	<0.04	0.04 ± 0.01
E. coliW	0	No slow phase		0.23 ± 0.01	2.0 ± 0.1
E. coli W	8	0.18 ± 0.01	13 ± 1	0.19 ± 0.01	1.9 ± 0.1
E. coli W	10	0.06 ± 0.02	21 ± 1	0.20 ± 0.02	2.0 ± 0.1
XW137d	0	No slow phase		0.22 ± 0.01	2.0 ± 0.1
XW137	8	0.11 ± 0.02	16 ± 3	0.19 ± 0.01	1.9 ± 0.1
XW137	10	0.02 ± 0.01	37 ± 2	0.12 ± 0.02	1.9 ± 0.1
E. coliW/pTrc99A	0	No slow phase		0.23 ± 0.01	2.4 ± 0.2
E. coliW/pTrc99A	10	0.03 ± 0.01	26 ± 4	0.13 ± 0.01	2.0 ± 0.3
E. coli W/pLOI4856	0	No slow phase		0.22 ± 0.01	1.9 ± 0.1
E. coli W/pLOI4856	10	0.07 ± 0.01	16 ± 2	0.18 ± 0.02	2.5 ± 0.3

^aFermentations (n ≥ 2) were performed in AM1 medium with 100 g xylose liter⁻¹ (27).

^bThe duration of furfural-induced slow growth was estimated as the time of intersection using extrapolated rates.

^cXW118 (LY180 ucpA::kan).

^dXW137 (E. coli W ucpA::kan).