Table 2.
Analysis of patients who presented with nephrotic syndrome (n=100)
| Complete Remission | Partial Remission | No Response or Progression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spontaneous Remission | Immunosuppressant | All | |||
| No. of patients, n (%) | 24 (24.0) | 24 (24.0) | 48 (48.0) | 32 (32.0) | 20 (20.0) |
| Age (yr) | 40.1±15.7 | 37.6±12.1 | 38.9±13.9 | 41.4±13.4 | 37.8±16.8 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 12 (50.0) | 12 (50.0) | 24 (50.0) | 17 (53.1) | 10 (50.0) |
| Presenting symptoms, n (%) | |||||
| generalized edema | 23 (95.8) | 21 (87.5) | 44 (91.7) | 30 (93.7) | 19 (95.0) |
| frothy urinea | 1 (4.2) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (8.3) | 2 (6.3) | 1 (5.0) |
| gross hematuria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8 (33.3) | 4 (16.7) | 12 (25.0) | 4 (20.0) | 4 (20.0) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.2) | 1 (3.1) | 1 (5.0) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128.6±12.8 | 132.21±19.73 | 130.4±16.30 | 131.1±15.2 | 136.8±13.4 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.3±11.7 | 80.5±10.2 | 80.4±10.9 | 82.6±10.1 | 82.9±8.9 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 96.4±10.9 | 97.7±12.5 | 97.0±11.6 | 97.8±10.9 | 100.7±9.2 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| baseline | |||||
| 24-h proteinuria (g/d) | 5.3 (3.5–14.9) | 5.4 (3.5–15.9) | 5.4 (3.5–15.9) | 6.5 (3.6–16.0) | 5.5 (3.5–9.2) |
| random UPCR (g/g) | 4.2 (3.5–6.7) | 5.9 (3.7–10.2) | 5.2 (3.5–10.2) | 6.0 (3.5–18.2) | 6.2 (3.5–11.2) |
| SCr (mg/dl) | 1.1±0.3 | 1.1±0.4 | 1.1±0.4 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.3±0.4 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 73.3±15.1 | 75.0±18.7 | 74.2±16.9 | 65.3±15.4 | 64.6±20.0 |
| serum albumin (g/dl) | 2.9±0.4 | 2.7±0.6 | 2.8±0.5 | 2.7±0.6 | 2.8±0.5 |
| last follow-up | |||||
| random UPCR (g/g) | 0.2 (0.01–2.2) | 0.2 (0.01–3.8) | 0.2 (0.01–3.8) | 1.6 (0.3–5.2) | 3.2 (1.3–10.2) |
| SCr (mg/dl) | 1.1±0.6 | 1.0±0.5 | 1.1±0.5 | 2.2±0.9 | 6.1±1.8 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 68.8±19.2 | 71.7±20.3 | 70.8±19.7 | 52.9±24.5 | 18.6±11.2 |
| Type of immunosuppressants, n (%) | |||||
| none | 24 (100.0) | 0 | 24 (50.0) | 6 (18.8) | 5 (25.0) |
| steroid only | 0 | 18 (75.0) | 18 (37.5) | 19 (59.3) | 8 (40.0) |
| steroid + cyclosporin | 0 | 6 (25.0) | 6 (12.5) | 6 (18.8) | 4 (20.0) |
| steroid + cyclophosphamide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (5.0) |
| steroid + mycophenolate mofetil | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.1) | 2 (10.0) |
| Duration of steroid (d) | — | 288 (162–902) | — | 316 (216–978) | 161 (102–405) |
All data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (range). UPCR, urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio; SCr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated GFR; —, not applicable.
a
The presenting symptoms were recorded at the first hospital visit. Generalized edema was not present initially in seven patients, but they had acute onset of NS during follow-up. In fact, they showed generalized edema when NS occurred.