Table 2. Univariate analysis of 38 tissue and 3 serological biomarkers in NPC.
| Variables (>cutoff point VS ≤cutoff point) | Training set | Testing set | Overall patients | ||||||
| P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | |
| Aurora-A, >8.5 VS ≤8.5 | 0.208 | 2.146 | 0.654 to 7.042 | 0.021 | 3.647 | 1.220 to 10.903 | 0.010 | 2.872 | 1.289 to 6.400 |
| Beclin 1, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.097 | 3.074 | 0.815 to 11.590 | 0.516 | 1.415 | 0.496 to 4.037 | 0.110 | 1.919 | 0.862 to 4.273 |
| HIF-1α, >7.0 VS ≤7.0 | 0.771 | 1.193 | 0.364 to 3.911 | 0.219 | 1.987 | 0.665 to 5.940 | 0.239 | 1.607 | 0.729 to 3.543 |
| Bcl-2, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.734 | 0.808 | 0.236 to 2.760 | 0.052 | 4.423 | 0.989 to 19.770 | 0.139 | 1.853 | 0.819 to 4.195 |
| Bax, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.407 | 1.682 | 0.492 to 5.754 | 0.490 | 1.471 | 0.492 to 4.397 | 0.214 | 1.645 | 0.750 to 3.610 |
| Snail, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.374 | 1.745 | 0.511 to 5.963 | 0.273 | 0.556 | 0.195 to 1.589 | 0.910 | 0.956 | 0.434 to 2.106 |
| CENP-H, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.023 | 4.698 | 1.243 to 17.761 | 0.905 | 1.066 | 0.374 to 3.042 | 0.084 | 2.025 | 0.909 to 4.510 |
| COX-2, >7.0 VS ≤7.0 | 0.562 | 1.421 | 0.433 to 4.664 | 0.101 | 2.499 | 0.837 to 7.463 | 0.097 | 1.954 | 0.886 to 4.306 |
| Cyclin D1, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.726 | 1.236 | 0.377 to 4.052 | 0.249 | 1.864 | 0.646 to 5.378 | 0.254 | 1.579 | 0.720 to 3.463 |
| Ki-67, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.622 | 1.348 | 0.411 to 4.417 | 0.671 | 0.795 | 0.276 to 2.292 | 0.995 | 1.003 | 0.457 to 2.197 |
| C-Met, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.245 | 2.074 | 0.607 to 7.087 | 0.514 | 1.439 | 0.482 to 4.296 | 0.188 | 1.731 | 0.765 to 3.919 |
| MMP 2, >8.5 VS ≤8.5 | 0.039 | 3.489 | 1.063 to 11.452 | 0.140 | 2.394 | 0.750 to 7.636 | 0.010 | 2.942 | 1.299 to 6.663 |
| nm23-H1, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.653 | 1.313 | 0.401 to 4.307 | 0.665 | 1.260 | 0.442 to 3.595 | 0.560 | 1.263 | 0.576 to 2.768 |
| P21WAF1, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.530 | 1.464 | 0.446 to 4.797 | 0.841 | 1.113 | 0.390 to 3.174 | 0.520 | 1.294 | 0.590 to 2.836 |
| Stathmin, >7.0 VS ≤7.0 | 0.568 | 0.699 | 0.205 to 2.388 | 0.368 | 1.653 | 0.554 to 4.936 | 0.714 | 1.158 | 0.528 to 2.538 |
| Survivin, >2.5 VS ≤2.5 | 0.599 | 1.375 | 0.419 to 4.509 | 0.884 | 0.925 | 0.324 to 2.638 | 0.757 | 1.132 | 0.516 to 2.481 |
| TIMP 2, >8.5 VS ≤8.5 | 0.446 | 1.587 | 0.484 to 5.202 | 0.133 | 2.254 | 0.781 to 6.504 | 0.091 | 1.969 | 0.898 to 4.318 |
| Twist, >2.5 VS ≤2.5 | 0.209 | 2.344 | 0.621 to 8.840 | 0.572 | 0.739 | 0.259 to 2.110 | 0.658 | 1.198 | 0.538 to 2.668 |
| E-cadherin, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.616 | 1.355 | 0.413 to 4.442 | 0.525 | 0.709 | 0.246 to 2.045 | 0.894 | 0.948 | 0.433 to 2.079 |
| N-cadherin, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.379 | 1.737 | 0.508 to 5.941 | 0.283 | 1.820 | 0.610 to 5.431 | 0.172 | 1.768 | 0.781 to 4.002 |
| β-catenin, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.357 | 0.536 | 0.142 to 2.022 | 0.514 | 1.423 | 0.493 to 4.104 | 0.961 | 0.981 | 0.445 to 2.161 |
| P27, >7.0 VS ≤7.0 | 0.277 | 1.977 | 0.578 to 6.754 | 0.159 | 2.196 | 0.735 to 6.557 | 0.073 | 2.109 | 0.932 to 4.773 |
| CDC 2, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.297 | 1.880 | 0.573 to 6.166 | 0.662 | 0.792 | 0.278 to 2.259 | 0.637 | 1.208 | 0.551 to 2.648 |
| EZH2, >10.5 VS ≤10.5 | 0.732 | 1.230 | 0.375 to 4.035 | 0.861 | 0.910 | 0.316 to 2.623 | 0.928 | 1.037 | 0.473 to 2.272 |
| ERK, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.910 | 1.074 | 0.314 to 3.669 | 0.830 | 1.121 | 0.393 to 3.198 | 0.729 | 1.150 | 0.522 to 2.533 |
| p-ERK, >2.5 VS ≤2.5 | 0.437 | 1.685 | 0.452 to 6.280 | 0.986 | 1.011 | 0.321 to 3.186 | 0.509 | 1.338 | 0.564 to 3.176 |
| AKT1, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.314 | 0.491 | 0.123 to 1.964 | 0.820 | 0.881 | 0.296 to 2.622 | 0.467 | 0.732 | 0.316 to 1.695 |
| Pontin, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.708 | 1.255 | 0.383 to 4.114 | 0.594 | 0.750 | 0.260 to 2.162 | 0.966 | 0.983 | 0.446 to 2.166 |
| MMP 9, >1.5 VS ≤1.5 | 0.707 | 0.777 | 0.209 to 2.896 | 0.201 | 0.482 | 0.157 to 1.475 | 0.248 | 0.606 | 0.259 to 1.418 |
| 14-3-3σ, >7.0 VS ≤7.0 | 0.431 | 0.610 | 0.179 to 2.086 | 0.063 | 0.365 | 0.126 to 1.054 | 0.075 | 0.484 | 0.217 to 1.077 |
| LMP 1, >5.0 VS ≤5.0 | 0.633 | 1.336 | 0.407 to 4.380 | 0.423 | 0.648 | 0.225 to 1.871 | 0.856 | 0.929 | 0.422 to 2.048 |
| CD31MVD, >12249.6 VS ≤12249.6 | 0.528 | 0.682 | 0.208 to 2.238 | 0.517 | 1.419 | 0.492 to 4.090 | 0.970 | 1.015 | 0.463 to 2.225 |
| CD34MVD, >8803.7 VS ≤8803.7 | 0.623 | 1.347 | 0.411 to 4.416 | 0.581 | 1.347 | 0.467 to 3.883 | 0.431 | 1.374 | 0.624 to 3.026 |
| CD31+/34−MVD, >3155.9 VS ≤3155.9 | 0.332 | 1.837 | 0.537 to 6.279 | 0.404 | 1.562 | 0.547 to 4.460 | 0.340 | 1.469 | 0.667 to 3.238 |
| CD8, >62.5 VS ≤62.5 | 0.767 | 0.819 | 0.220 to 3.052 | 0.265 | 0.537 | 0.180 to 1.601 | 0.347 | 0.668 | 0.289 to 1.548 |
| CD45RO, >82.5 VS ≤82.5 | 0.398 | 1.038 | 0.952 to 1.133 | 0.097 | 0.368 | 0.113 to 1.196 | 0.941 | 1.002 | 0.941 to 1.068 |
| D 2–40, >95.1 VS ≤95.1 | 0.418 | 0.611 | 0.186 to 2.009 | 0.140 | 0.439 | 0.147 to 1.312 | 0.094 | 0.505 | 0.227 to 1.125 |
| VEGF, >3.5 VS ≤3.5 | 0.129 | 0.281 | 0.054 to 1.450 | 0.554 | 1.432 | 0.437 to 4.693 | 0.469 | 0.709 | 0.280 to 1.797 |
| EA-IgA, >1∶40 VS ≤1∶40 | 0.439 | 1.597 | 0.487 to 5.236 | 0.106 | 2.377 | 0.832 to 6.786 | 0.087 | 1.987 | 0.906 to 4.356 |
| VCA-IgA, >1∶320 VS ≤1∶320 | 0.369 | 1.724 | 0.525 to 5.653 | 0.017 | 3.787 | 1.266 to 11.328 | 0.014 | 2.688 | 1.219 to 5.927 |
| AER, >55.0% VS ≤55.0% | 0.687 | 1.314 | 0.348 to 4.953 | 0.151 | 2/341 | 0.733 to 7.476 | 0.203 | 1.764 | 0.737 to 4.226 |
| SVM1, 1VS 0 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.001 | 8.593 | 2.388 to 30.923 | 0.000 | 27.969 | 8.313 to 94.098 |
| SVM2, 1VS 0 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.000 | 8.391 | 2.608 to 26.993 | 0.000 | 25.704 | 8.693 to 76.000 |
| SVM3, 1VS 0 | 0.000 | – | – | 0.001 | 6.566 | 2.187 to 19.719 | 0.000 | 20.187 | 7.473 to 54.531 |
Abbreviation: NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; LMP, latent membrane protein; MVD, intratumoral microvessel density; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; AER, anti-enzyme rate of EBV DNase-specific neutralizing antibody; SVM, support vector machines.