Table 3.
Univariate results of the differences between the two samples on children’s individual developmental outcomes when controlling for covariates
| PPD sample | Community sample | F | η 2p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EM | SE | EM | SE | |||
| Ego-resiliency | .36 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 4.74* | 0.04 |
| Self-esteem | 3.50 | 0.39 | 4.10 | 0.16 | 2.14 | 0.02 |
| Peer social competence | −1.12 | 0.59 | 0.75 | 0.24 | 9.48** | 0.08 |
| Verbal intelligence | 105.73 | 4.48 | 108.24 | 1.87 | 2.64 | 0.02 |
| School adjustment | 3.52 | 0.18 | 3.58 | 0.08 | 4.80* | 0.04 |
| MR internalizing problems | 47.48 | 2.61 | 51.80 | 1.09 | 2.18 | 0.02 |
| TR internalizing problems | 54.01 | 2.40 | 51.05 | 1.00 | 2.55 | 0.02 |
| MR externalizing problems | 45.53 | 2.58 | 55.79 | 1.08 | 8.74** | 0.08 |
| TR externalizing problems | 50.35 | 2.56 | 53.56 | 1.07 | 0.72 | 0.01 |
PPD postpartum depression, EM estimated mean, SE standard error, MR mother-rated, TR teacher-rated, * p < .05; ** p < .01 (two-tailed)