Table 1.
The Tromsø Staph and Skin Study. Characteristics of non-smoking men and women by tertiles of serum 25(OH)D
| Characteristic | Single swab culture | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/l) | ||||||||
| Men (n = 1,351a) | Women (n = 1,655a) | |||||||
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P b | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P b | |
| <44.9 (n = 438) | 44.9–58.6 (n = 464) | >58.6 (n = 449) | <44.9 (n = 566) | 44.9–58.6 (n = 537) | >58.6 (n = 552) | |||
| Age (years) | 51.9 (12.8) | 54.3 (12.8) | 56.3 (12.3) | <0.001 | 53.7 (14.2) | 54.4 (12.9) | 56.0 (12.4) | 0.003 |
| Ethnicity sami | 10 (2.6) | 8 (1.8) | 6 (1.4) | 0.50 | 9 (1.7) | 9 (1.9) | 7 (1.4) | 0.84 |
| Low educationc | 250 (57.5) | 256 (55.7) | 257 (57.5) | 0.81 | 317 (57.2) | 308 (58.3) | 324 (59.3) | 0.78 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (4.0) | 27.7 (3.5) | 27.1 (3.3) | 0.05 | 27.4 (5.4) | 26.8 (4.7) | 25.9 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (3.1) | 24 (5.3) | 4 (0.9) | 0.001 | 26 (4.7) | 21 (4.0) | 21 (3.9) | 0.77 |
| Atopic eczema | 30 (7.7) | 32 (7.5) | 32 (7.8) | 0.99 | 52 (10.2) | 42 (9.0) | 43 (8.8) | 0.72 |
| Hospitalizationd | 44 (10.2) | 42 (9.1) | 46 (10.4) | 0.78 | 71 (12.6) | 53 (10.1) | 66 (12.2) | 0.38 |
| Low physical activitye | 91 (21.5) | 77 (17.2) | 54 (12.7) | 0.003 | 118 (22.7) | 77 (15.5) | 60 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| High alcohol intakef | 86 (19.7) | 115 (25.1) | 126 (28.4) | 0.01 | 71 (12.7) | 100 (18.9) | 136 (24.9) | <0.001 |
| Characteristic | Repeated swab culture | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/l) | ||||||||
| Men (n = 992a) | Women (n = 1,239a) | |||||||
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P b | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P b | |
| <44.9 (n = 329) | 44.9–58.6 (n = 346) | >58.6 (n = 317) | <44.9 (n = 431) | 44.9–58.6 (n = 390) | >58.6 (n = 418) | |||
| Age (years) | 52.3 (12.6) | 55.0 (12.7) | 56.6 (12.3) | <0.001 | 53.7 (13.9) | 54.7 (12.8) | 56.0 (11.9) | 0.03 |
| Ethnicity sami | 7 (2.3) | 6 (1.8) | 5 (1.7) | 0.83 | 9 (2.2) | 3 (0.8) | 7 (1.8) | 0.31 |
| Low educationc | 196 (59.9) | 193 (56.4) | 180 (57.1) | 0.63 | 240 (56.9) | 227 (59.4) | 250 (60.2) | 0.59 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 (4.1) | 27.7 (3.6) | 27.2 (3.4) | 0.13 | 27.4 (5.2) | 26.8 (4.7) | 26.1 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (2.8) | 21 (6.2) | 2 (0.7) | <0.001 | 22 (5.2) | 13 (3.5) | 17 (4.2) | 0.46 |
| Atopic eczema | 21 (7.1) | 27 (8.4) | 19 (6.5) | 0.64 | 40 (10.1) | 30 (8.6) | 33 (8.8) | 0.74 |
| Hospitalizationd | 32 (9.9) | 31 (9.0) | 33 (10.5) | 0.81 | 53 (12.4) | 35 (9.2) | 47 (11.4) | 0.34 |
| Low physical activitye | 67 (21.0) | 59 (17.6) | 37 (12.3) | 0.02 | 83 (20.7) | 53 (14.7) | 55 (13.9) | 0.02 |
| High alcohol intakef | 63 (19.3) | 88 (25.7) | 90 (28.9) | 0.02 | 51 (12.5) | 75 (19.5) | 108 (26.2) | <0.001 |
Values are given as means (standard deviation) and numbers (%)
BMI body mass index
aNumbers may vary due to missing information
bKruskal Wallis test for continuous variables. Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables
cOnly education below college/university degree
dHospitalization in last 12 months
eSedentary recreational physical activity like watching TV
fAlcohol intake ≥ 2 times per week