Table 2.

Summary table for metallosis following total knee arthroplasty

Etiology	Mechanical abrasion of metal surfaces causing microscopic debris with associated inflammatory response.
Incidence	Exact incidence is unknown [5], but has been reported at 23% after TKA with metal- backed patellar components [6] (which are no longer in common use).
Gender ratio	No known gender predilection.
Age predilection	Older patients (related to presence of arthroplasties in this population).
Risk factors	Biomechanical stresses on polyethylene liner insert that can lead to excess wear [6].
Treatment	Surgical debridement, arthroplasty revision depending on extent of involvement
Prognosis	Good if early arthroplasty revision to prevent progressive joint destruction
Findings on imaging	Metal-line sign, bubble sign, cloud sign; periprosthetic osteolysis; often a joint effusion.