Table 2.

Summary table for angiomyolipoma

Etiology	Neoplasms of “perivascular epithelioid cells”
Incidence	0.1 to 0.22 % in general population 20% in tuberous sclerosis complex
Gender ratio	F: M = 4:1
Age predilection	Middle aged female
Imaging features	US: hyperechoic mass. “to and fro” color pattern on Doppler in aneurysm. CT: mass with fat attenuation. Calcification is absent. Aneurysm seen as a vascular enhancing mass with or without thrombosis in arterial phase MRI: bright mass on T1, T2 with drop in signal on fat suppressed sequences.
Complications	Aneurysm formation, rupture, hemodynamic instability, secondary infection
Predictors of aneurysm rupture	Aneurysm formation common in Tuberous sclerosis. Mean tumor diameter: 11.4 cm Mean aneurysm diameter: 13.3 mm
Risk factors for tumor rupture	Pregnancy, large tumor and aneurysm size (see above).
Prognosis	Tumor recurrence very rare in sporadic cases. In TSC, contra lateral tumor recurrence reported.
Treatment options	Symptomatic rupture: embolisation/partial/radical nephrectomy. Small/asymptomatic aneurysm: embolisation.